Bacterial vaginosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alara Ece Dagsali, M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Anaerobic vaginosis; Nonspecific vaginitis
Overview
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a clinical condition characterized by a shift in vaginal microbiota away from Lactobacillus species toward more diverse bacterial species, including facultative anaerobes. The altered microbiome causes a rise in vaginal pH and symptoms that range from none to very bothersome (eg, abnormal vaginal discharge and odor). Future health implications of BV include, but are not limited to, increased susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, and preterm birth.
Historical Perspective
BV is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in females of childbearing age, accounting for 40 to 50 percent of vaginitis cases.
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Bacterial vaginosis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Amsel Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies