Relugolix

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Relugolix
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alara Ece Dagsali, M.D.

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Overview

Relugolix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist that is FDA approved for the treatment of of adult patients with advanced prostate cancer.. Common adverse reactions include QT/QTc Interval Prolongation.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

ORGOVYX is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Recommended Dosage: Initiate treatment of ORGOVYX with a loading dose of 360 mg on the first day and continue treatment with a 120 mg dose taken orally once daily at approximately the same time each day.ORGOVYX can be taken with or without food. Instruct patients to swallow tablets whole and not to crush or chew tablets.Advise patients to take a missed dose of ORGOVYX as soon as they remember. If the dose was missed by more than 12 hours, patients should not take the missed dose and resume with the next scheduled dose.If treatment with ORGOVYX is interrupted for greater than 7 days, restart ORGOVYX with a loading dose of 360 mg on the first day, and continue with a dose of 120 mg once daily.In patients treated with GnRH receptor agonists and antagonists for prostate cancer, treatment is usually continued upon development of nonmetastatic or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Dose Modification for Use with P-gp Inhibitors: Avoid co-administration of ORGOVYX with oral P-gp inhibitors. If co-administration is unavoidable, take ORGOVYX first and separate dosing by at least 6 hours. Treatment with ORGOVYX may be interrupted for up to two weeks if a short course of treatment with a P-gp inhibitor is required.

Dose Modification for Use with Combined P-gp and Strong CYP3A Inducers: Avoid co-administration of ORGOVYX with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducers. If co-administration is unavoidable, increase the ORGOVYX dose to 240 mg once daily. After discontinuation of the combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer, resume the recommended ORGOVYX dose of 120 mg once daily

Tablets: 120 mg, light red, almond-shaped, film-coated, and debossed with “R” on one side and “120” on the other side.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Relugolix in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Relugolix in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

None

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Relugolix in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Relugolix in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

ORGOVYX is contraindicated in patients with severe hypersensitivity to relugolix or to any of the product components.

Warnings

QT/QTc Interval Prolongation: Androgen deprivation therapy, such as ORGOVYX may prolong the QT/QTc interval. Providers should consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy outweigh the potential risks in patients with congenital long QT syndrome, congestive heart failure, or frequent electrolyte abnormalities and in patients taking drugs known to prolong the QT interval. Electrolyte abnormalities should be corrected. Consider periodic monitoring of electrocardiograms and electrolytes

Hypersensitivity Reactions: ORGOVYX is contraindicated in patients with severe hypersensitivity to relugolix or any of the product components.Hypersensitivity reactions, including pharyngeal edema and other serious cases of angioedema, have been reported in postmarketing in patients treated with ORGOVYX. Advise patients who experience any symptoms of hypersensitivity to temporarily discontinue ORGOVYX and promptly seek medical care. Discontinue ORGOVYX for severe hypersensitivity reactions and manage as clinically indicated.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: The safety and efficacy of ORGOVYX have not been established in females. Based on findings in animals and mechanism of action, ORGOVYX can cause fetal harm and loss of pregnancy when administered to a pregnant female. In an animal reproduction study, oral administration of relugolix to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis caused embryo-fetal lethality at maternal exposures that were 0.3 times the human exposure at the recommended dose of 120 mg daily based on area under the curve (AUC). Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 2 weeks after the last dose of ORGOVYX.

Laboratory Testing: Therapy with ORGOVYX results in suppression of the pituitary gonadal system. Results of diagnostic tests of the pituitary gonadotropic and gonadal functions conducted during and after ORGOVYX may be affected. The therapeutic effect of ORGOVYX should be monitored by measuring serum concentrations of prostate specific antigen (PSA) periodically. If PSA increases, serum concentrations of testosterone should be measured.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety of ORGOVYX was evaluated in HERO, a randomized (2:1), open-label, clinical study in patients with advanced prostate cancer.atients received orally administered ORGOVYX as a loading dose of 360 mg on the first day followed by 120 mg taken orally once daily (n = 622) or received leuprolide acetate administered by depot injection at doses of 22.5 mg (n = 264) or 11.25 mg (n = 44) per local guidelines every 12 weeks (n = 308). Leuprolide acetate 11.25 mg is a dosage regimen that is not recommended for this indication in the US. Among patients who received ORGOVYX, 91% were exposed for at least 48 weeks. Ninety-nine (16%) patients received concomitant radiotherapy and 17 (3%) patients received concomitant enzalutamide with ORGOVYX.

Serious adverse reactions occurred in 12% of patients receiving ORGOVYX. Serious adverse reactions in ≥ 0.5% of patients included myocardial infarction (0.8%), acute kidney injury (0.6%), arrhythmia (0.6%), hemorrhage (0.6%), and urinary tract infection (0.5%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 0.8% of patients receiving ORGOVYX including metastatic lung cancer (0.3%), myocardial infarction (0.3%), and acute kidney injury (0.2%). Fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke were reported in 2.7% of patients receiving ORGOVYX.

Permanent discontinuation of ORGOVYX due to an adverse reaction occurred in 3.5% of patients. Adverse reactions which resulted in permanent discontinuation of ORGOVYX in ≥ 0.3 % of patients included atrioventricular block (0.3%), cardiac failure (0.3%), hemorrhage (0.3%), increased transaminases (0.3%), abdominal pain (0.3%), and pneumonia (0.3%).

Dosage interruptions of ORGOVYX due to an adverse reaction occurred in 2.7% of patients. Adverse reactions which required dosage interruption in ≥ 0.3% of patients included fracture (0.3%).

The most common adverse reactions (≥ 10%) and laboratory abnormalities (≥ 15%), were hot flush (54%), glucose increased (44%), triglycerides increased (35%), musculoskeletal pain (30%), hemoglobin decreased (28%), alanine aminotransferase increased (ALT) (27%), fatigue (26%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (AST) (18%), constipation (12%), and diarrhea (12%).

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of ORGOVYX. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity, including angioedema and urticaria.

Drug Interactions

Effect of Other Drugs on ORGOVYX:

  • P-gp Inhibitors:

Relugolix is a P-gp substrate. Co-administration of ORGOVYX with an oral P-gp inhibitor increases relugolix exposure which may increase the risk of adverse reactions associated with ORGOVYX.

Avoid co-administration of ORGOVYX with oral P-gp inhibitors.If co-administration with an oral P-gP inhibitor cannot be avoided, take ORGOVYX first and wait at least 6 hours before taking the P-gp inhibitor. Closely monitor patients for increased adverse reactions. If an oral P-gp inhibitor will only be administered for up to 2 weeks, ORGOVYX may be interrupted while the P-gp inhibitor is being administered. Resume ORGOVYX after the P-gp is discontinued. If ORGOVYX is interrupted for more than 7 days, resume ORGOVYX at 360 mg on the first day, followed by 120 mg once daily.

  • Combined P-gp and Strong CYP3A Inducers:

Co-administration of ORGOVYX with a combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer decreases relugolix exposure, which may reduce the effects of ORGOVYX.Avoid co-administration of ORGOVYX with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducers.

If co-administration cannot be avoided, increase the ORGOVYX dose. After discontinuation of the combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer, resume ORGOVYX once daily at the same dose

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): There is no FDA guidance on usage of Relugolix in women who are pregnant.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Relugolix in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

The safety and efficacy of ORGOVYX have not been established in females.

Based on findings in animals and mechanism of action, ORGOVYX can cause fetal harm and loss of pregnancy when administered to a pregnant female. There are no human data on the use of ORGOVYX in pregnant females to inform the drug-associated risk. In an animal reproduction study, oral administration of relugolix to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis caused embryo-fetal lethality at maternal exposures that were 0.3 times the human exposure at the recommended dose of 120 mg daily based on AUC. Advise patients of the potential risk to the fetus.In an embryo-fetal development study, oral administration of relugolix to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in abortion, total litter loss, or decreased number of live fetuses at a dose of 9 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.3 times the human exposure at the recommended dose of 120 mg daily based on AUC).

Nursing Mothers

The safety and efficacy of ORGOVYX at the recommended dose of 120 mg daily have not been established in females. There are no data on the presence of relugolix in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Relugolix and/or its metabolites were present in milk of lactating rats. In lactating rats administered a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg radiolabeled relugolix on post-partum day 14, relugolix and/or its metabolites were present in milk at concentrations up to 10-fold higher than in plasma at 2 hours post-dose.

Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of ORGOVYX in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatic Use

Of the 622 patients who received ORGOVYX in the HERO study, 81% were 65 years of age or older, while 35% were 75 years of age or older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. There was no clinically relevant impact of age on the pharmacokinetics of ORGOVYX or testosterone response based on population pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses in men 45 to 91 years of age.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Relugolix with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Relugolix with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Relugolix in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Relugolix in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

Contraception: MALES Based on findings in animals and mechanism of action, advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 2 weeks after the last dose of ORGOVYX

Infertility: MALES Based on findings in animals and mechanism of action, ORGOVYX may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Relugolix in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

Initiate treatment of ORGOVYX with a loading dose of 360 mg on the first day and continue treatment with a 120 mg dose taken orally once daily at approximately the same time each day. ORGOVYX can be taken with or without food. Instruct patients to swallow tablets whole and not to crush or chew tablets.

Advise patients to take a missed dose of ORGOVYX as soon as they remember. If the dose was missed by more than 12 hours, patients should not take the missed dose and resume with the next scheduled dose.

If treatment with ORGOVYX is interrupted for greater than 7 days, restart ORGOVYX with a loading dose of 360 mg on the first day, and continue with a dose of 120 mg once daily.

In patients treated with GnRH receptor agonists and antagonists for prostate cancer, treatment is usually continued upon development of nonmetastatic or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Dose Modification for Use with P-gp Inhibitors: Avoid co-administration of ORGOVYX with oral P-gp inhibitors. If co-administration is unavoidable, take ORGOVYX first and separate dosing by at least 6 hours. Treatment with ORGOVYX may be interrupted for up to two weeks if a short course of treatment with a P-gp inhibitor is required.

Dose Modification for Use with Combined P-gp and Strong CYP3A Inducers: Avoid co-administration of ORGOVYX with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducers. If co-administration is unavoidable, increase the ORGOVYX dose to 240 mg once daily. After discontinuation of the combined P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer, resume the recommended ORGOVYX dose of 120 mg once daily

Monitoring

Providers should consider whether the benefits of androgen deprivation therapy outweigh the potential risks in patients with congenital long QT syndrome, congestive heart failure, or frequent electrolyte abnormalities and in patients taking drugs known to prolong the QT interval. Electrolyte abnormalities should be corrected. Consider periodic monitoring of electrocardiograms and electrolytes.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Relugolix and IV administrations.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Relugolix overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Relugolix Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Relugolix is a nonpeptide GnRH receptor antagonist that competitively binds to pituitary GnRH receptors, thereby, reducing the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and consequently testosterone.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Relugolix Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

Pituitary and Gonadal Hormones: Relugolix reduced LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations after oral administration of the recommended loading dose of 360 mg and a 120 mg dose once daily.

Out of 622 patients, 56% had testosterone concentrations at castrate levels (< 50 ng/dL) by the first sampling timepoint at Day 4, and 97% maintained castrate levels of testosterone through 48 weeks. In a substudy of 137 patients who did not receive subsequent androgen deprivation therapy for at least 90 days after discontinuation of relugolix, the cumulative incidence rate of achieving testosterone concentrations above the lower limit of the normal range (> 280 ng/dL) or baseline at 90 days was 55%

Cardiac Electrophysiology: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and positive-controlled (open-label moxifloxacin), parallel-group thorough QT/QTc study, no increase in mean QTc interval > 10 ms was identified after administration of a single 60 mg or 360 mg (0.2 or 1 times the recommended loading dose, respectively) relugolix dose.

Pharmacokinetics

After administration of single doses ranging from 60 mg to 360 mg (0.17 to 1 times the recommended loading dose), the area under concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-inf) and the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of relugolix increased approximately proportionally with dose. After administration of multiple doses of relugolix once daily, the AUCtau of relugolix increased approximately proportionally with dose while the Cmax increase was greater than dose proportional for doses from 20 mg to 180 mg (0.17 to 1.5 times the recommended dosage). After administration of a single 360 mg loading dose in patients, the mean (± standard deviation [± SD]) of AUC0-24 and Cmax of relugolix were 985 (± 742) ng.hr/mL and 215 (± 184) ng/mL, respectively. After administration of a 120 mg dose once daily in patients, the mean (± SD) of AUC0-24 and Cmax of relugolix at steady-state were 407 (± 168) ng.hr/mL and 70 (± 65) ng/mL, respectively. The accumulation of relugolix upon once daily administration is approximately 2-fold.

Absorption: Relugolix is a substrate for intestinal P-gp. The mean (CV%) absolute bioavailability of relugolix is 12% (62%). The median (range) Tmax of relugolix is 2.25 hours (0.5 to 5.0 hours).

  • Effect of Food:

No clinically meaningful differences in the pharmacokinetics of relugolix were observed following consumption of a high-calorie, high-fat meal (approximately 800 to 1000 calories with 500, 220, and 124 from fat, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively).

  • Distribution:

Plasma protein binding of relugolix is 68 to 71%, primarily to albumin and to a lesser extent to α1-acid glycoprotein. The mean blood-to-plasma ratio is 0.78.

  • Elimination:

The mean effective half-life of relugolix is 25 hours and the mean (CV%) terminal elimination half-life is 60.8 (11%) hours. The mean (CV%) total clearance of relugolix is 29.4 (15%) L/h and the renal clearance is 8 L/h.

  • Metabolism:

Relugolix is metabolized primarily by CYP3A and to a lesser extent by CYP2C8 in vitro.

  • Excretion:

After oral administration of a single 80 mg radiolabeled dose of relugolix, approximately 81% of the radioactivity was recovered in feces with 4.2% as unchanged and 4.1% in urine with 2.2% as unchanged.

  • Specific Populations:

No clinically meaningful differences in the pharmacokinetics of relugolix were observed based on age (45 to 91 years), race/ethnicity (Asian [19%], White [71%], Black/African American [6%]), body weight (41 to 193 kg), mild to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLcr] 15 to 89 mL/min, as estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation), or mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A or B). The effect of end-stage renal disease with or without hemodialysis or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) on the pharmacokinetics of relugolix has not been evaluated.

Combined P-gp and Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors: Co-administration with erythromycin (P-gp and moderate CYP3A inhibitor) increased the AUC and Cmax of relugolix by 3.5- and 2.9-fold respectively.

Combined P-gp and Strong CYP3A Inducers: Co-administration of relugolix with rifampin (P-gp and strong CYP3A inducer) decreased the AUC and Cmax of relugolix by 55% and 23%, respectively.

Other Drugs: No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of relugolix were observed when co-administered with voriconazole (strong CYP3A inhibitor), atorvastatin, enzalutamide, or acid-reducing agents. No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of midazolam (sensitive CYP3A substrate) or rosuvastatin (BCRP substrate), or dabigatran etexilate (P-gp substrate) were observed upon co-administration with relugolix.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes: Relugolix is a substrate of CYP3A and CYP2C8. Relugolix is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP3A4. Relugolix is an inducer of CYP3A and CYP2B6, but not an inducer of CYP1A2.

Transporter Systems: Relugolix is a substrate of P-gp, but not a substrate of BCRP. Relugolix is an inhibitor of BCRP and P-gp, but not an inhibitor of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, MATE1, MATE2-K, or BSEP.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Two-year carcinogenicity studies were conducted in mice at oral relugolix doses up to 100 mg/kg/day and in rats at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day. Relugolix was not carcinogenic in mice or rats at exposures up to approximately 75 or 224 times, respectively, the human exposure at the recommended dose of 120 mg daily based on AUC.

Relugolix was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay or clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster lung cells or the in vivo rat bone marrow micronucleus assay.

In human GnRH-receptor knock-in male mice, oral administration of relugolix decreased prostate and seminal vesicle weights at doses ≥ 3 mg/kg twice daily for 28 days. The effects of relugolix were reversible, except for testis weight, which did not fully recover within 28 days after drug withdrawal. In a 39-week repeat-dose toxicity study in monkeys, there were no significant effects on male reproductive organs at oral relugolix doses up to 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 53 times the human exposure at the recommended dose of 120 mg daily based on AUC).

Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology: Phospholipidosis (intracellular phospholipid accumulation) was observed in multiple organs and tissues (e.g., liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, lymph nodes, lung, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract or testes) after repeated oral administration of relugolix in rats and monkeys. In a rat 26-week toxicity study, phospholipidosis was observed at doses ≥ 100 mg/kg (approximately 18 times the human exposure at the recommended dose based on AUC). In a monkey 39-week toxicity study, this effect was observed at doses ≥ 1.5 mg/kg (approximately 0.6 times the human exposure at the recommended dose based on AUC) and demonstrated evidence of reversibility after cessation of treatment. The significance of this finding in humans is unknown.

Clinical Studies

HERO Study: The safety and efficacy of ORGOVYX was evaluated in HERO (NCT03085095), a randomized, open label study in men with advanced prostate cancer requiring at least 1 year of androgen deprivation therapy and defined as biochemical (PSA) or clinical relapse following local primary intervention, newly diagnosed castration-sensitive metastatic disease, or advanced localized disease.

How Supplied

The 120 mg tablets are film-coated, light red, almond shaped, and debossed with “R” on one side and “120” on the other side and are supplied in two configurations, bottles and blister packs. Each bottle (NDC 72974-120-01) contains 30 tablets and a desiccant and is closed with a child resistant induction seal cap. The blister cards contain nine tablets packaged in a carton (NDC 72974-120-02). Each ORGOVYX tablet contains 120 mg of relugolix.

Storage

  • Store ORGOVYX at room temperature. Do not store above 30°C (86°F).
  • Dispense to patients in original container only.
  • For bottles, keep container tightly closed after first opening.
  • Keep out of reach of children.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

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Patient Counseling Information

QT/QTc Interval Prolongation:

  • Advise patients that androgen deprivation therapy treatment with ORGOVYX may prolong the QT interval. Inform patients of the signs and symptoms of QT prolongation. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately for signs or symptoms of QT prolongation

Hypersensitivity:

  • Inform patients that if they have experienced severe hypersensitivity with relugolix or to any of the product components, ORGOVYX is contraindicated
  • Inform patients that ORGOVYX can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions that include angioedema
  • Advise patients who experience hypersensitivity symptoms to discontinue ORGOVYX and promptly contact their healthcare provider.

Androgen Deprivation:

  • Inform patients about adverse reactions related to androgen deprivation therapy with ORGOVYX, including hot flashes, flushing of the skin, increased weight, decreased sex drive, and difficulties with erectile function

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity:

  • Inform patients that ORGOVYX can be harmful to a developing fetus and can cause loss of pregnancy.
  • Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 2 weeks after the last dose of ORGOVYX

Infertility:

  • Inform patients that ORGOVYX may cause infertility

Drug Disposal:

  • Advise patients to dispose of unused medication via a take-back option if available. Otherwise, advise to follow FDA instructions for disposing medication in the household trash, www.fda.gov/drugdisposal and NOT to flush down the toilet.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Relugolix interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Orgovyx

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Relugolix Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.