Acronyms of Clinical Trial Terms
A
B
BARQA British Association of Research Quality Assurance BCE beneficial clinical event Glossary Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Initials December 2003 actmagazine.com APPLIED CLINICAL TRIALS 25 BDPA Bureau of Drug Policy and Administration (China) BEUC European Bureau of Consumer Unions BfArM Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Germany) BGA Bundesgesundheitsamt (Federal health office; former German public health agency) BGVV Bundesinstitut für gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinärmedizin (Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, Germany) BIO Biotechnology Industry Organization BIRA British Institute of Regulatory Affairs BLA Biologics License Application (FDA) BPI Bundesverband der Pharmazeutischen Industrie EV (Germany) BrAPP British Association of Pharmaceutical Physicians BSA body surface area
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CA Competent Authority (regulatory body charged with monitoring compliance with European Union member state national statutes and regulations) CAPRA Canadian Association of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs CAS Chemical Abstracts Service CBER Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (FDA) CCI Committee on Clinical Investigations. See also Ethics Committee box. CCPPRB Comité Consultative pour la Protection des Personnes dans les Recherches Biomédicales (France). See also Ethics Committee box. CCRA Certified Clinical Research Associate. Certification issued to monitors by ACRP. CCRC Certified Clinical Research Coordinator. Certification issued to clinical coordinators by ACRP. CCRP Certified Clinical Research Professional. SOCRA certification of coordinators, monitors, and other research professionals. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDER Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (FDA) CDISC Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (formerly a DIA special interest group called the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Committee) CDM clinical data management CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA) CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization) CEU continuing education unit CF consent form CFH Connecting for Health CFR Code of Federal Regulations (usually cited by title and part; for example, Title 21, Part 211 is shown as 21 CFR 211) 26 APPLIED CLINICAL TRIALS actmagazine.com December 2003 cGMP current good manufacturing practices CHI Consolidated Health Initiative (eGov) CHR Committee on Human Research. See also Ethics Committee box. CIOMS Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences (postapproval international ADR reporting, UK) CIP Certified IRB Professional CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments Cmax concentration maximum; used in pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence to indicate maximum plasma concentration for a drug CMC chemistry, manufacturing, and control CME continuing medical education CNS central nervous system COP CDISC operating process/procedure COSTART Coding Symbols for a Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction Terms. See also MedDRA. CPHS Committee for the protection of human subjects CPMP Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (EU) CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission (U.S.) CRA clinical research associate. See also CCRA CRADA cooperative research and development agreement (with NIH) CRB case record book CRB central review board CRC clinical research coordinator. See also CCRC, SC, SSC CRF case report form (sometimes case record form) CRO contract research organization. See also IPRO. CSDD Center for the Study of Drug Development CSF Collaborative Standards Forum (CDISC) CSM Committee on Safety of Medicines (UK) CSO Consumer Safety Officer (FDA) CSR clinical study report CSU clinical supply unit CT clinical trial CTC clinical trial certificate (UK) CTD common technical document 1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonable to be expected; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment. The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity. 2. The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature. 3. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment. 4. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury. 5. No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects. 6. The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment. 7. Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death. 8. The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment. 9. During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible. 10. During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probable cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject. Reprinted from Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Vol. 2, pp. 181–182. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949. Nuremberg Code—Directives for Human Experimentation December 2003 actmagazine.com APPLIED CLINICAL TRIALS 27 CTEP Clinical Therapeutics Evaluation Program (NCI) CTM clinical trials materials CTX clinical trial exemption (MCA) CV curriculum vitae CVM Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA)
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DAWN Drug Abuse Warning Network DD Department of Drugs (Swedish regulatory agency) DEA Drug Enforcement Administration (U.S.) DEN Drug Experience Network DES Data Encryption Standard DESI Drug Efficacy Study Implementation notice (FDA, to evaluate drugs in use before 1962) DGPharMed Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pharmazeutische Medizin (German Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine), formerly FÄPI DHEW Department of Health, Education and Welfare (U.S., now split into DHHS and Department of Education) DHHS Department of Health and Human Services (U.S.) DHTML dynamic HTML (IT) DIA Drug Information Association DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine DLT dose-limiting toxicity DMB Data Management Biomedical (France) DoD Department of Defense (U.S.) DPC-PTR Act Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (also Waxman-Hatch or Hatch-Waxman bill) DSI Division of Scientific Investigations (FDA) DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (of the American Psychiatric Association) DSMB Data and Safety Monitoring Board DSNP development of standardized nomenclature project (FDA) DTC direct-to-consumer (drug advertising) DTD document type definition (XML)
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E3C European CDISC Coordinating Committee EAB Editorial Advisory Board (Applied Clinical Trials) EAB Ethical advisory board. See also Ethics Committee box. EC ethics committee. See also Ethics Committee box. EC European Commission (in documents older than the mid-1980s, EC may mean European Community) ECG electrocardiogram ECG European CDISC Group ECJ European Court of Justice ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (U.S.) ECPHIN European Community Pharmaceutical Products Information Network eCRF electronic case report form EDC electronic data capture/collection EDI electronic data interchange EEC European Economic Community, now EU; some regulatory documents still have EEC document numbers EFGCP European Forum for Good Clinical Practice EFPIA European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations EFTA European Free Trade Association EIR Establishment Inspection Report (FDA) ELA Establishment License Application (FDA) EMEA European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products EMS electronic mail service EMWA European Medical Writers Association EORTC European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer EP European Parliament EPAR European Public Assessment Report EPO European Patent Office EPRG European Pharmacovigilance Research Group ER Essential Requirements (EMEA) ESRA European Society of Regulatory Affairs ESTRI Electronic Standards for the Transfor of Regulatory Information (ICH) EU European Union EUDRA European Union Drug Regulatory Authorities EUDRACT European Union clinical trials database EWG expert working group
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FAQ frequently asked questions Farmindustria The Association of Italian Pharmaceutical Manufacturers FD&C Act Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (U.S.) FDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.) FDAMA FDA Modernization Act FDLI Food and Drug Law Institute FFPM Fellow of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine (UK) FRCP Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, sometimes followed by a place name—for example, FRCP (Edin.)—that indicates a university medical school FTC Federal Trade Commission (U.S.) FTP File Transfer Protocol FWA Federal-wide assurance
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GAO General Accounting Office (U.S. government) GBP good business practice Gbps gigabits or billions of bits per second (data transmission) GCP good clinical practice GCRP good clinical research practice GLP good laboratory practice GMP good manufacturing practice GP general practitioner; general practice (UK) GPMS good postmarketing surveillance practice (Japan) GRAS generally regarded as safe (foods) GXP good [pharmaceutical] practice
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HCFA Health Care Financing Administration; now renamed The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. HEX human experimentation committee. See also Ethics Committee box. HHS Department of Health and Human Services (U.S., also called DHHS) HIMA Health Industry Manufacturers Association HIMSS Health Information and Management Systems Society HIPPA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HL7 Health Level 7 (a not-forprofit ANSI-accredited standards developing organization (SDO) HPB Health Protection Branch, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Canada) HPLC high performance liquid chromatography HSRC human subjects review committee. See also Ethics Committee box. HTML Hypertext Markup Language HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
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I3C India CDISC Coordinating Committee IAB Industry Advisory Board (for CDISC) IB investigator’s brochure IC informed consent ICD9 International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision. See also MedDRA. ICG India CDISC Group ICH International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICR Institute of Clinical Research (formerly ACRPI, Association for Clinical Research in the Pharmaceutical Industry, UK) ICSR individual case safety report ICTH International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostases IEC independent ethics committee. See also Ethics Committee box. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. IFAPP International Federation of Associations of Pharmaceutical Physicians IFPMA International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Associations IG Inspector General (HHS) IKS Interkantonale Kontrollstelle für Heilmittel (Switzerland) IMP investigational materials plan IND Investigational New Drug application (FDA). See also TIND IOM Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Science, U.S.) IPRO independent pharmaceutical research organization. See also CRO IRB institutional review board; independent review board. See also Ethics Committee box. IRD International Registration Document ISCB International Society for Clinical Biostatistics ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISO International Organization for Standardization ISP Internet service provider IT information technology ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union IVD in vitro diagnostics IVR interactive voice response (telephone technology) IVRS interactive voice response system
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J3C Japan CDISC Coordinating Committee JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations JCG Japan CDISC Group JMA Japan Medical Association JPMA Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Kbps kilobits or thousands of bits per second (data transmission)
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LAB Laboratory Data Model (CDISC) LAN local area network LIF Swedish Pharmaceutical Industry Association LKP Leiter der klinischen Prüfung LOA letter of agreement LREC local research ethics committee (UK). See also Ethics Committee box.
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MA marketing authorization MAA Marketing application (EU) Mbps millions of bits per second (data transmission) MCA Medicines Control Agency (UK) MDR Medical Device Reporting MedDRA Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (new global standard medical terminology designed to supersede other terminologies used in the medical product development process, including COSTART, ICD9, and others) MEDLARS Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System MEFA Association of the Danish Pharmaceutical Industry MEP Member of the European Parliament MHLW Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan) MIAME minimum information about a microarray experiment (standard for microarray data) MOH Ministry of Health (UK, Canada, others) MOPH Ministry of Public Health MOU Memorandum of Understanding (an MOU between FDA and a regulatory agency in another country allows mutual recognition of inspections) December 2003 actmagazine.com APPLIED CLINICAL TRIALS 29 MR medical representative (Japan) MRA medical research associate MREC multicentre research ethics committee(UK). See also Ethics Committee box. MRI magnetic resonance imaging MTD maximum tolerated dose MVP master validation plan
N
NABR National Association for Biomedical Research NAF Notice of Adverse Findings (FDA postaudit letter) NAI No Action Indicated (most favorable FDA postinspection classification) NAS new active substance (UK) NAS–NRC National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council (U.S.) NBAC National Bioethics Advisory Commission (U.S.) NCCAM National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, formerly Office of Alternative Medicine (NIH) NCCTG North Central Cancer Treatment Group (U.S.) NCDM Nordic Clinical Data Management (Association) NCE new chemical entity NCHGR National Center for Human Genome Research (NIH) NCHS National Center for Health Statistics (in CDC) NCI National Cancer Institute (NIH) NCPDP National Council for Prescription Drug Programs NCPIE National Council on Patient Information and Education (Washington, DC) NCR no carbon [paper] required NCRR National Center for Research Resources (NIH) NCVIA National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (1986) NDA New Drug Application (FDA) NDS New Drug Submission (Canada’s new drug application) NEFARMA Dutch Association of the Innovative Pharmaceutical Industry NEI National Eye Institute (NIH) NGO nongovernmental organization NHI National Health Insurance (Japan) NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH) NHS National Health Service (UK) NIA National Institute on Aging (NIH) NIAAA National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIH) NIAID National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIH) NIAMS National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIH) NICHD National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH) NIDA National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH) NIDCD National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIH) NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH) NIDR National Institute of Dental Research (NIH) NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH) NIGMS National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH) NIH National Institutes of Health (DHHS) NIMH National Institute of Mental Health (NIH) NINDS National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NIH) NINR National Institute of Nursing Research (NIH) NIRB noninstitutional review board. See also Ethics Committee box. NLM National Library of Medicine (NIH) NME new molecular entity NOEL No observable effect level [dose of an experimental drug given pre-clinically, that does not produce an observable toxicity] NRB noninstitutional review board, also known as an independent review board. See also Ethics Committee box. NSCLC non-small cell lung carcinoma NTP National Toxicology Program
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OAI Official action indicated (serious FDA post-inspection classification) OAM See NCCAM ODAC Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (U.S.) ODE Office of Drug Evaluation (CDER now has five such offices: ODE I, II, III, IV, and V) ODM Operational Data Model [CDISC] OGD Office of Generic Drugs (CDER, formerly DGB) OGE Office of Government Ethics (formerly part of Office of Personnel Management, separate executive branch in 1989) OHRP Office for Human Research Protections OIG Office of the Inspector General OJC Office Journal of the European Union–C Series (Information) OJEC Official Journal of the European Communities OJL Office Journal of the European Union–L Series (Legislation) OMB Office of Management and Budget (U.S.) OPRR Office for Protection from Research Risks (predecessor to OHRP) OSHA Occupational Safety Health Administration (U.S.) OTA Office of Technology Assessment (U.S.; abolished by Congress, Fall 1995) OTC over-the-counter (refers to nonprescription drugs)
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PAB Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau (Japan) PAHO Pan American Health Organization 30 APPLIED CLINICAL TRIALS actmagazine.com December 2003 PCC Poison Control Center PCP Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia PD pharmacodynamics PDA personal digital assistant (Palm Pilot, for example) PDF Portable Document Format PDQ Physicians’ Data Query (NCI-sponsored cancer trial registry) PDR Physicians’ Desk Reference PDUFA Prescription Drug User Fee Act (1992, U.S.) PEM prescription event monitoring PERI Pharmaceutical Education & Research Institute (notfor- profit division of PhRMA) PFT pulmonary function tests PhRMA Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (formerly PMA) PHS Public Health Service (U.S.) PI principal investigator PK pharmacokinetics PKI public key infrastructure PLA Product License Application (FDA) PMA Pre-Market Approval application (FDA) PMS postmarketing surveillance PPI patient package insert PPO preferred provider organization; policy and procedure order PR partial response; pulse rate PRIM&R Public Responsibility in Medicine and Research (Boston, MA) PROG peer-review oversight group (NIH) PSUR periodic safety update report PTC Points to Consider
Q
QA quality assurance QAU quality assurance unit QC quality control QL quality of life QOL quality of life
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R&D research and development RADAR Risk Assessment of Drugs—Analysis and Response RAPS Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society RCRIM Regulated Clinical Research and Information Management (HL7) RCT randomized clinical trial RDE remote data entry RDRC Radioactive Drug Research Committee REB research ethics board (Canada) RIM Reference Information Model (HL7) RKI Robert-Koch-Institut, Bundesinstitut für Infektionskrankheiten und nich-übertragbare Krankheiten (Federal Institute for Infectious and Non-communicable Diseases, Germany) RL regulatory letter (FDA postaudit letter)
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SAE serious adverse event SAS Statistical Analysis System (commonly used statistical analysis package) SATCM State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (China) SBA summary basis of approval SC study coordinator. See also CRC, CCRC, SSC SCDM Society for Clinical Data Management (US) SCT Society for Clinical Trials SD standard deviation SDA State Drug Administration (China) SDM Submission Data Model (CDISC) SDO standards development organization SDS Submission Domain Standards (CDISC) SDS submissions data standard SE standard error (statistics) SEA Single European Act of 1987 SEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the the National Cancer Institute that collects and publishes cancer incidence and survival data. SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language SIAC Special Interest Area Community (DIA) SIG Special Interest Group (HL7) SLA service level agreement SMART Submission Management and Review Tracking (FDA) SME significant medical event SMO site management organization SmPC Summary of Product Characteristics SNDA Supplemental New Drug Application SNIP Syndicat National de l’Industrie Pharmaceutique (France) SNOMED Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (a dictionary) SOCRA Society of Clinical Research Associates SOP standard operating procedure SPAC State Pharmaceutical Administration of China SPM Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (UK) SQA Society of Quality Assurance SQAP systems quality assurance plan SSC study site coordinator. See also CRC, CCRC, SC SSCT Swedish Society for Clinical Trials SSFA Società di Scienze Farmacologiche Applicate (Italy) STF study tagging file STT short term tests SC study coordinator. See clinical research coordinator. SUA serious unexpected adverse event SUD sudden unexpected death SWOG Southwest Oncology Group (U.S.)
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TC Technical Committee (HL7) TCC Technical Coordinating Committee (CDISC) TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TESS treatment emergent signs and symptoms TIND Treatment IND. See also IND TK toxicokinetics Tmax the time after dosing when Cmax occurs TMO trial management organization
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URL uniform resource locator (address of a Web site) USC United States Code (book of laws) USDA Department of Agriculture (U.S.) USP United States Pharmacopeia
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VA Veterans Administration (officially, United States Department of Veterans Affairs) VAERS Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System VAI Voluntary Action Indicated (FDA postaudit inspection classification) VGDS Voluntary Genomic Data Submission VPN virtual private network
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WAN wide area network WHO World Health Organization WHOART World Health Organization Adverse Reaction Terminology WL Warning Letter (most serious FDA postaudit letter, demands immediate action within 15 days) WRAIR Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (DoD) WTO World Trade Organization www World Wide Web
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XML Extensible Markup Language
Clinical Trial Acronyms
(--
| 4S | Scandinavian simvastatin survival study; |
| 6C trial | cooperative colorectal cancer combination chemotherapy clinical; |
| AAASPS | African-American antiplatelet stroke prevention study; |
| AASK | African-American study of kidney disease and hypertension |
| ABC study | Association of Black Cardiologists study of hypertension; |
| ABCD | alternans before cardioverter-defibrillator appropriate blood pressure control in diabetes |
| AbESTT | abciximab [ReoPro™] in emergent stroke treatment trial |
| ACADEMIC | azithromycin in coronary artery disease: elimination of myocardial infection with chlamydia |
| ACAS | asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study; |
| ACCENT | A Crohn's disease clinical trial evaluating infliximab in a new long-term treatment regimen |
| ACCESS | acute candesartan cilexetil evaluation in stroke survivors a case control etiological study of sarcoidosis |
| ACCORD | action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes |
| ACES | Avelox™ clinical experience study azithromycin and coronary events study |
| ACME | angioplasty compared to medicine |
| ACIP | asymptomatic cardiac ischemia pilot study |
| ACRE | appropriateness of coronary revascularization |
| ACST | asymptomatic carotid surgery trial |
| ACT | angioplasty compliance trial attacking claudication with ticlopidine |
| ACTION | a clinical trial in overt nephropathy; actinomycin eluting stent improves outcomes by reducing neointimal hyperplasia a coronary disease trial investigating outcome with nifedipine GITS |
| ACUTE | analysis of coronary ultrasound thrombolysis endpoints in acute myocardial infarction; Angiosonics assessment of cardioversion utilizing transesophageal echocardiography; |
| ADAM | Amsterdam duration of antiretroviral medication study aneurysm detection and management study |
| ADAPT | Alzheimer's disease anti-inflammatory prevention trial; |
| ADCS | Alzheimer's disease cooperative study |
| ADEMEX | adequacy of peritoneal dialysis in Mexico; sponsor: Baxter Healthcare Corporation |
| ADEPT | advanced elements of pacing trial; sponsor: Medtronic |
| ADMIRAL | abciximab before direct angioplasty and stenting in myocardial infarction regarding acute and long-term followup |
| ADMIT | arterial disease multiple intervention trial |
| ADONIS | aspirin dose optimized in noncardioembolic ischemic stroke |
| ADOPT | a diabetes outcome progression trial; |
| ADOPT-A | atrial dynamic overdrive pacing trial-A |
| ADVANCE | a dosing evaluation of a vasopressin antagonist in CHF patients undergoing exercise |
| AEGIS | alternative graft investigational study; |
| AFCAPS | Air Force coronary atherosclerosis prevention study |
| AFFIRM | atrial fibrilation followup: investigation of rhythm management |
| AFIB | atrial fibrillation investigation with bidisomide |
| AGENT | angiogenic gene therapy |
| AGIS | advanced glaucoma intervention study |
| A-HeFT | African-American heart failure trial; |
| AIR | aerosolized iloprost randomized placebo-controlled study; sponsor: Schering AG |
| AIST-ASH | acute ischemic stroke trial: oral aspirin vs intravenous heparin on stroke progression |
| ALERT | adjunctive Lamictal® in epilepsy and response to treatment assessment of Lescol® in renal transplantation |
| ALIVE | adenosine lidocaine infarct zone viability enhancement amiodarone versus lidocaine in prehospital ventricular fibrillation evaluation; sponsor: Wyeth Pharmaceuticals azimilide postinfarct survival evaluation; |
| ALLHAT | antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial; |
| ALLIANCE | aggressive lipid lowering to alleviate new cardiovascular endpoints |
| ALTS | ASCUS/LSIL triage study [ASCUS - atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; LSIL - low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion] |
| AMAZE | a multicenter trial using Atacand®-Zestril®* versus Zestril to evaluate the effects on lowering blood pressure [*Atacand as add-on therapy with Zestril] |
| AMIGO | AC2993: diabetes management for improving glucose outcomes; sponsor: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
| AMISTAD | acute myocardial infarction study of adenosine; |
| APASS | antiphospholipid antibody stroke study |
| APC | adenoma prevention with celecoxib; |
| APOCARD | Apomate™ imaging in cardiac transplant patients |
| APRES | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition post revascularization study |
| ARCH | amiodarone reduction in coronary heart |
| ARCHeR | Acculink™ for revascularization of carotids in high-risk patients |
| AREDS | age-related eye disease study |
| ARIC | atherosclerosis risk in communities |
| ARMS | APSAC reocclusion multicenter study |
| ARREST | AngioRad™ radiation for restenosis; |
| ARTISTIC | AngioRad™ radiation therapy for in-stent restenosis intracoronary; |
| ASAP | azimilide supraventricular arrhythmia program; |
| ASCENT | ACS stent clinical equivalence in de novo lesions trial |
| ASCOT | Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcome trial |
| ASPECT | anticoagulants in the secondary prevention of events in coronary thrombosis; |
| ASPEN | atorvastatin [Lipitor™] study for the prevention of endpoints for patients with NIDDM |
| ASSENT | assessment of the safety and efficacy of a new thrombolytic [TNKase™]; |
| ASTIS | autologous stem cell transplantation international scleroderma trial |
| ASTRID | atrial sensing trial to prevent inappropriate detections |
| ASTRONAUT | acid suppression trial: ranitidine [Zantac®] versus omeprazole [Prilosec®] for NSAID-associated ulcer treatment |
| ATAC | Arimidex (anastrozole), tamoxifen and combination therapy Arimidex (anastrozole) and tamoxifen alone or in combination |
| ATBAT | anticoagulant therapy with bivalirudin [Angiomax™] to assist in PCI 1st inning trial (PCI in HIT/HITTS) |
| ATICH | antifibrinolytic therapy in acute intracerebral hemorrhage |
| ATLAS | Acolysis during treatment of lesions affecting saphenous vein bypass grafts; Angiosonics' Acolysis System™ assessment of treatment with lisinopril and survival; |
| ATLANTIC | angina treatments – lasers and normal therapies in comparison |
| ATLANTIS | alteplase thrombolysis for acute noninterventional therapy in ischemic stroke |
| AT LAST | antiretroviral trial looking at sex and treatment |
| AtoZ | Aggrastat® to Zocor® study; sponsor: Merck |
| ATRIA | anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation |
| ATS | amblyopia treatment study |
| ATTRACT | anti-TNF trial in rheumatoid arthritis with cA2 treatment; anti-TNF trial in rheumatoid arthritis with concomitant therapy |
| AVASIS | aspirin versus anticoagulants in symptomatic intracranial stenosis |
| AVERT | artificial valve endocarditis reduction trial atorvastatin versus revascularization treatments |
| AVID | antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators |
| AWESOME | angina with extremely serious operative mortality evaluation |
| AZACS | azithromycin in acute coronary syndromes |
| BARI BARI 2D |
bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation 2 diabetes; |
| BARS | Beaumont alcohol restenosis study |
| BASC | blood pressure in acute stroke collaboration |
| BATMAN | BiodivYsio® 'bat'imastat SV stent versus balloon angioplasty for the reduction of restenosis in small coronary arteries; |
| BCPT | breast cancer prevention trial |
| BEAT | bucindolol evaluation in acute myocardial infarction trial; |
| BECAIT | bezafibrate coronary atherosclerosis intervention trial |
| BELLES | beyond endorsed lipid lowering with EBCT scannings |
| BENEFIT | Betaferon® [Betaseron® in U.S.] in newly emerging MS for initial treatment; information |
| BENESTENT | Belgium Netherlands stent |
| BERT | beta energy restenosis trial; |
| BESMART | beStent™ in small arteries |
| BEST | beta-blocker evaluation of survival trial; |
| BEST-ICD | beta-blocker evaluation of survival trial plus ICD |
| BETTER | beta radiation trial to eliminate restenosis; |
| BHACAS | beating heart against cardioplegic arrest studies |
| BIP | bezafibrate infarction prevention |
| BLIND-DATE | blinded withdrawal of deprenyl in the DATATOP extension trial |
| BLOSS | beta blocker length of stay study |
| BPAV | balloon prophylaxis of aneurysmal vasospasm |
| BRAINS | Bayer randomized acute ischemia neuroprotectant study biochemical research and information study |
| BRAVO | beta radiation for treatment of arteriovenous graft outflow; sponsor: Novoste Corporation [Corona™ system] blockade of the GP IIb/IIIa receptor to avoid vascular occlusion; |
| BREATHE-1 | bosentan [Tracleer™]: randomized trial of endothelin receptor antagonist therapy for pulmonary hypertension |
| BRILLIANT | batimastat (BB-94) antirestenosis trial utilizing the BiodivYsio® local drug delivery PC stent; |
| BRITE BRITE-SVG |
beta radiation to reduce in-stent restenosis; beta radiation to reduce in-stent restenosis for saphenous vein bypass grafts |
| CABERNET | carotid artery revascularization using the Boston Scientific EPI FilterWire EX and the EndoTex NexStent |
| CACHET | comparison of abciximab complications with Hirulog® [Angiomax™ as of 1999] ischemic events trial |
| CADILLAC | controlled abciximab [ReoPro™] and device investigation to lower late angioplasty complications |
| CAESAR | Canada, Australia, Europe, South Africa AIDS study; |
| CALM | candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria study |
| CALM-PD | comparison of the agonist pramipexole vs. levodopa on motor complications in Parkinson disease |
| CALYPSO | cylexin as an adjunct to lytic therapy to prevent superoxide reflow injury |
| CAMELOT | comparison of amlodipine versus enalapril [Lipitor®] to limit occurrences of thrombosis |
| CAMEO | cerebral aneurysm multicenter European Onyx™ |
| CANDLE | candesartan versus losartan efficacy comparison; |
| CAPARES | coronary angioplasty amlodipine restenosis study |
| CAPRICORN | carvedilol post infarction survival control in left ventricular dysfunction |
| CAPRIE | clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischemic events; |
| CAPT | complications of AMD [age-related macular degeneration] prevention trial |
| CAPTEN | captopril after thrombolysis trial; |
| CAPTIM | comparison of angioplasty and prehospital thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction |
| CAPTIN | captopril before reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction captopril plus tissue plasminogen activator following acute myocardial infarction |
| CAPTURE | c7E3 antiplatelet therapy in unstable refractory angina |
| CARDIA | coronary artery risk development in young adults |
| CARDS | collaborative atorvastatin [Lipitor™]and diabetes study |
| CARE | calcium antagonist in reperfusion; cholesterol and recurrent events; carvedilol atherectomy restenosis; |
| CARE-HD | coenzyme Q10 and remacemide: evaluation in Huntington disease |
| CARE-HF | cardiac resynchronization - heart failure; European complement to U.S./Canada MIRACLE study |
| CARISA | combination assessment of ranolazine in stable angina; |
| CARMEN | carvedilol ACE inhibitors remodelling mild heart failure evaluation |
| CART | Canadian antioxidant restenosis trial |
| CASES | Canadian activase for stroke effectiveness study |
| CASH | cardiac arrest study-Hamburg |
| CAST | cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial; |
| CASTLE | candesartan amlodipine study of tolerability and efficacy |
| CAT | Chinese ACE inhibitor in acute myocardial infarction trial cardiomyopathy trial |
| CATAPULT | cisplatin and tirapazamine in subjects with advanced previously untreated non–small cell lung tumors |
| CATIE | clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness; see trial information |
| CATS | Canadian American ticlopidine study captopril and thrombolysis study |
| CAVATAS | carotid and vertebral artery transluminal angioplasty study |
| CBT-CD | cognitive behavior therapy for the chronic depressions; |
| CEDARS | comprehensive evaluation of defibrillators and resuscitative shock |
| CEOS | congenital esotropia observational study |
| CHAMP | children's HIV and AIDS model program combination chemotherapy and mortality prevention |
| CHAMPIONS | controlled high-risk subjects Avonex™ MS prevention in ongoing neurologic surveillance |
| CHAMPS | controlled high-risk subjects Avonex™ MS prevention study |
| CHARM | candesartan cilexitil [Atacand™] in heart failure assessment of reduction mortality and morbidity |
| CHEESE | comparative trial of HIV-infected patients evaluating efficacy and safety of saquinavir-enhanced oral formulation and indinavir given as part of a triple drug therapy; |
| CHF-STAT | congestive heart failure survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy |
| CHRISTMAS | carvedilol hibernation reversible ischemia trial; marker of success |
| CHS | cardiovascular health study Charleston heart study community health study Congenital Heart Surgeons Society study coronary heart study |
| CIBIS | cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study |
| CIDS | Canadian implantable defibrillator study; sponsor: Medtronic |
| CIGTS | collaborative initial glaucoma treatment study |
| CLASS | celecoxib [Celebrex®] long-term arthritis safety study clomethiazole acute stroke study |
| CLASSICS | clopidogrel [Plavix™] aspirin stent international cooperative study |
| CLASS-IHT | clomethiazole acute stroke study in ischemic, hemorrhagic, and tPA treated stroke |
| CLEERE | collaborative longitudinal evaluation of ethnicity and refractive error |
| COAST | heparin-coated stents in small coronary arteries |
| COCAD | cognitive outcomes in coronary artery disease |
| COLA | carvedilol open label assessment |
| COMBINE | combining medications and behavorial interventions; |
| COMET | carvedilol or metoprolol European trial |
| COMMA | compliment inhibition in myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [evaluation of IV dosing regimens of h5G1.1-scFv]; sponsors: Procter & Gamble and Alexion Pharmaceuticals |
| COMPANION | comparison of medical therapy, pacing and defibrillation in chronic heart failure; Guidant Corporation |
| COMPLY | compliment inhibition in myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytics [evaluation of IV dosing regimens of h5G1.1-scFv]; sponsors: Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals and Alexion Pharmaceuticals |
| COMS | collaborative ocular melanoma study |
| CONVINCE | controlled onset verapamil investigation of cardiovascular endpoints |
| COOL | cardiovascular thrombolytic to open occluded lines [t-PA] |
| COOL AID | cooling for acute ischemic brain damage; |
| COOL MI | cooling as an adjunctive therapy to percutaneous intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction; |
| COPERNICUS | carvedilol [Coreg®] prospective randomized cumulative survival |
| COPPA | clinical outcomes from the prevention of postoperative arrhythmia |
| CORE | continuing outcomes relevant to Evista™ |
| COSS | carotid occlusion surgery study |
| COURAGE | clinical outcomes utilizing revascularization and aggressive drug evaluation; |
| COURT | a randomized trial of contrast media utilization in high risk PTCA |
| CRASH | corticosteroid randomization after significant head injury |
| CREDO | clopidogrel [Plavix™] for reduction of events during observation |
| CREST | carotid revascularization endarterectomy vs stenting trial |
| CRUISE | can routine ultrasound influence stent expansion |
| CURE | clopidogrel in unstable angina to prevent recurrent ischemic events |
| DAIS | diabetes atherosclerosis intervention study |
| DAISY | diabetes autoimmunity study in the young |
| DATATOP | deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidative therapy of parkinsonism |
| DAVID | dual-chamber and VVI implantable defibrillator; see |
| DEBATE | Doppler endpoints balloon angioplasty trial Europe; |
| DECOPI | la desobstruction coronaire en post-infarctus |
| DEFINITE | defibrillators in nonischemic cardiomyopathy treatment evaluation |
| DEFUSE | diffusion-weighted imaging evaluation for understanding stroke evaluation; |
| DESTINI-CFR | Doppler endpoints stenting international investigation - coronary flow reserve; |
| DIADS | depression in Alzheimer disease study |
| DIAGNOSIS | diffusion-weighted imaging assessment of the genuine need for other studies in ischemic stroke |
| DIAMOND | distensibility improvement with ALT-711 remodeling in diastolic heart failure; sponsor: Alteon Inc. |
| DIAMOND CHF | Danish investigators of arrhythmia and mortality on dofetilde congestive heart failure; |
| DIGAMI | diabetes mellitus insulin-glucose infusion in acute myocardial infarction |
| DMIST | digital mammographic imaging screening trial |
| DINAMIT | defibrillation in acute myocardial infarction trial |
| DIRECT | diabetic retinopathy candesartan trial; candesartan cilexetil (Atacand®) |
| DIRECTOR | direct stenting study with Orbus R stent™; sponsor: Orbus Medical Technologies |
| DISC | disability in strategies for care |
| DISTINCT | BiodivYsio™ stent in controlled trial |
| DPT-1 | diabetes prevention trial - type 1; |
| DREAM | diabetes reduction approaches with ramipril and rosiglitazone medications |
| DYSBOT | Dysport and Botox study; |
| EAGAR | estrogen and graft atherosclerosis research trial |
| EARS | European atherosclerosis research study |
| ECCO 2000 | effects of citicoline (CerAxon™) on clinical outcome - 2000 mg; |
| EDGE™ | evaluation of daptomycin [Cidecin™] in gram-positive entities |
| EDGECAP | evaluation of daptomycin [Cidecin™] in gram-positive entities in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia |
| EDGESST | evaluation of daptomycin [Cidecin™] in gram-positive entities in the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections |
| EDGEUTI | evaluation of daptomycin [Cidecin™] in gram-positive entities in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection |
| ED-IMPACT | emergency department impedance cardiography-aided assessment changes therapy; sponsor: CardioDynamics International |
| EFICAT | ejection fraction in cardiac transplant patients |
| EGASIS | early GABA-ergic activation sin troke |
| ELECT | evaluating enoxaparin [Lovenox®] clotting times; see |
| ELITE | evaluation of losartan in the elderly |
| ELLDOPA | earlier versus later levodopa in Parkinson disease |
| ENABLE | endothelin antagonist bosentan for lowering cardiac events in heart failure |
| ENCORE | evaluation of nifedipine and cerivastatin on the recovery of endothelial function; web site |
| ENRICHD | enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease |
| ENTIRE | enoxaparin and TNK-tPA with or without GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor as reperfusion strategy in ST elevation MI [TIMI-23]; |
| EPHESUS | eplerenone neurohormonal efficacy and survival study; eplerenone post-AMI heart failure efficacy and survival study |
| EPIC | evaluation of c7E3 for prevention of ischemic complications |
| EPILOG | evaluation in PTCA to improve long-term outcome with abciximab GP IIb/IIIa blockade; |
| EPISTENT | evaluation of platelet IIb/IIIa inhibitor for stenting trial |
| ERA | early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) study enoxaparin restenosis after angioplasty study estrogen replacement and atherosclerosis study |
| ERASE | emergency room assessment of sestamibi for evaluation of chest pain |
| ERGO | etomoxir for the recovery of glucose oxidation |
| ER-TIMI | early Retavase™ - thrombolysis in myocardial infarction |
| ESCAPE | evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness |
| ESPRIT | enhanced suppression of the platelet IIb/IIIa receptor with Integrilin™ therapy European study of the prevention of reocclusion after initial thrombolysis evaluation of subcutaneous proleukin in a randomized international trial |
| ESPS2 | European stroke prevention study 2 |
| ESSENCE | efficacy and safety of subcutaneous enoxaparin in non–Q-wave coronary events; |
| ESSENTIAL | the studies of oral enoximone therapy in advanced heart failure; sponsor: Myogen, Inc. |
| ETHECC | evaluation of Thymitaq™ in hepatocellular carcinoma; sponsor: Eximas Pharmaceutical Corporation |
| ETROP | early treatment of retinopathy of prematurity |
| Euro-SPAH | European-sonotherapy prevention of arterial hyperplasia; sponsor: PharmaSonics, Inc. |
| EVIDENCE | evidence for interferon dose-effect: European-North American comparative efficacy study [Rebif® v. Avonex™ in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)] |
| EVIDENT | endovascular investigation determining the safety of a new tacrolimus-eluting stent graft; sponsor: JOMED N.V. |
| EXCITE | evaluation of oral xemilofiban in controlling thrombotic events; |
| EXCITe | extremity constraint-induced therapy |
| EXCLAIM | extended clinical prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients [Lovenox™ (enoxaparin) postmarketing (phase IV) trial]; sponsor: Aventis |
| FACET | fosinopril versus amlodipine cardiovascular events randomized trial |
| FAME | fluvastatin [Lescol®] assessment of morbi-mortality in the elderly |
| FASTER | fibrinolytic and Aggrastat® ST elevation resolution; first abarelix depot study for treating endometriosis rapidly first and second trimester evaluation of risk; see study information |
| FAST-MAG | field administration of stroke therapy - magnesium |
| FIELD | fenofibrate [TriCor®] intervention and event lowering in diabetes |
| FIRST | Flolan (dobutamine) international randomized survival trial first trimester integrated risk screening for trisomy [information] |
| FLARE | fluvastatin [Lescol®] angiographic restenosis |
| FOOD | feed or ordinary diet |
| FOSIT | Fosamax® international trial |
| FRAXIS / FRAX.I.S. | Fraxiparine® in ischemic syndromes |
| FRIC | Fragmin® in unstable coronary artery disease |
| FRISC | fast revascularization during instability in coronary artery disease Fragmin® during instability in coronary artery disease |
| FROSTY | Freezor™ trial of supraventricular tachycardia |
| FUSION | fractional flow reserve and ultrasound indices for objective narrowing assessment |
| GART study | genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing |
| GEMS | 'Ginkgo biloba 'evaluation memory study |
| GISEN | gruppo Italiano di studi epidemiologici in nefrologia |
| GUSTO | global utilization of streptokinase and tPA for occluded arteries; |
| GUSTO-SPEED | global utilization of streptokinase and tPA for occluded arteries–strategies for patency enhancement in the emergency department |
| HALT-C | hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment to prevent cirrhosis; |
| HANDLS | health aging in nationally diverse longitudinal samples |
| HARDBALL | heart allograft rejection: detection with breath alkanes in low levels |
| HeADDFIRST | hemicraniectomy and durotomy for deterioration from infarction relating swelling trial |
| HEART | healing and early afterload reducing therapy |
| HEAT 2 | hypertension endothelin antagonist treatment |
| HEME | hemorrhage early MRI evaluation |
| HERO | Hirulog® early reperfusion/occlusion trial |
| HERS | heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study HIV epidemiology research study |
| HESTIA | home evaluation of stroke induced aid |
| HIPS | heparin infusion prior to stenting; |
| HIT | HDL-cholesterol intervention trial hirudin for the improvement of thrombolysis |
| HOPE | heart outcomes prevention evaluation; |
| HOPE-TOO | heart outcomes prevention evaluation - the ongoing outcomes |
| HORIZON | health outcomes and reduced incidence with zoledronic once yearly |
| HOT | hypertension optimum treatment |
| HPS | heart protection study |
| HRS | health and retirement study |
| HYVET | hypertension in the very elderly trial |
| ICE-IT | intravascular cooling adjunctive to primary coronary intervention |
| ICSS | international carotid stenting study (CAVATAS-2) |
| IDEAL | incremental decrease in endpoints through aggressive lipid lowering Iressa® dose evaluation in advanced lung cancer |
| IDNT | irbesartan [Avapro®] in diabetic nephropathy trial |
| IHAST | intraoperative hypothermia for aneurysm surgery trial |
| IMAGES | intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke |
| IMAGINE | ischemic management with Accupril™ post bypass graft via inhibition of converting enzyme |
| IMPACT | Integrilin™ to manage platelet aggregation to prevent coronary thrombosis international mexiletine or placebo antiarrhythmic coronary trial; international multiple sclerosis secondary progressive Avonex™ controlled trial |
| IMPRESS | inhibition of metalloprotease by BMS-186716 in a randomized exercise and symptoms study; |
| IMS | interventional management of stroke study |
| INCOMIN | independent comparison of interferon [Betaseron® v. Avonex™ in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)] |
| InDDEx | investigation into delay to diagnosis of Alzheimer disease with Exelon™ |
| INHIBIT | intimal hyperplasia inhibition with beta in-stent trial; Guidant Corporation |
| INSIGHT | international nifedipine once-daily study – intervention as a goal in hypertension treatment; web site |
| INTACT | Iressa® non–small cell lung cancer trial assessing combination treatment |
| INTEGRITI | Integrilin® and tenecteplase [TNKase™] in acute myocardial infarction; |
| InTIME | intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early; |
| INTrEPID | investigation of non–transplant-eligible patients who are inotrope dependent; see |
| INTRO-AMI | Integrilin® and reduced dose of thrombolytic in acute myocardial infarction |
| IONA | impact of nicorandil in angina |
| IONDT | ischemic optic neuropathy decompression trial |
| IRAS | insulin resistance atherosclerosis study |
| IRMA 2 | irbesartan [Avapro®] microalbuminuria type 2 |
| IRIS | Isostent for restenosis intervention study |
| ISAAC | international study of asthma and allergies in childhood |
| ISAR | intracoronary stenting and antithrombotic regimen |
| ISAR-STEREO | intracoronary stenting and angiographic results - strut thickness effect on restenosis outcome |
| ISAT | international subarachnoid aneurysm trial |
| ISTICH | international surgical trial in intracerebral hemorrhage |
| ITT | intraventricular thrombolysis trial |
| IVAT | intermediate sized vessel atherectomy trial |
| L-CAD | lipid-coronary artery disease [pravastatin]; sponsor, Bristol-Myers Squibb |
| LACI | laser angioplasty for critical ischemia; |
| LAMP | locally advanced multimodality protocol; [1] |
| LARS | laser angioplasty in restenosed stents |
| LaSRS | late steroid rescue study |
| LATE | late assessment of thrombolytic efficacy; |
| LEADER | lower extremity arterial disease event reduction |
| LIDO | levosimendan [Simdax™] infusion versus dobutamine in low output heart failure |
| LIDS | lumbar invertebrae disk study [device trial] |
| LIFE | losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension |
| LIMB | ultrasound lysing in lower extremities to minimize blood clots; Angiosonics |
| LIMIT | long lesion intracoronary radiation to minimize intimal hyperplasia trial; sponsor: Guidant Corp. [Galileo™ intravascular radiotherapy system] |
| LIPID | long-term intervention with pravastatin in ischemic disease; |
| LONG WRIST | Washington radiation for in-stent restenosis trial for long lesions |
| Look AHEAD | action for health in diabetes [Xenical; long-term study of effects of weight loss in type 2 diabetics] |
| L-TAP | lipid treatment assessment project |
| LV3P-CHF | left ventricular pacing in pacemaker patients with congestive heart failure (CHF); sponsored by St. Jude Medical |
| MADIT | multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial |
| MAGIC | magnesium in coronay arteries |
| MARISA | monotherapy assessment of ranolazine in stable angina; |
| MARRVEL | magnetic resonance radionuclide ventriculography and echocardiography in left ventricular function |
| MARVAL | microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan [Diovan®] |
| MASH | magnesium and acetylsalicylic acid in subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| MATCH | management of atherothrombosis with clopidogrel [Plavix™] in high-risk patients with recent transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke |
| MDC | metoprolol in dilated cardiomyopathy |
| MDPIT | multicenter diltiazem post infarction trial |
| MEDENOX | prophylaxis in medical patients with enoxaparin [Lovenox®] |
| MERIT-HF | metoprolol CR/XL (controlled release) randomized intervention trial in heart failure; |
| MIAMI | Multi-Link® Duet™ coronary stent in acute myocardial infarction |
| MICRO-HOPE | microalbuminuria, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes (HOPE [heart outcomes prevention evaluation] substudy) |
| MIRA | minocycline in rheumatoid arthritis |
| MIRACL | myocardial ischemia reduction with aggressive cholesterol lowering |
| MIRACLE | multicenter InSync™ randomized clinical evaluation (North America) |
| MIRACLE ICD | multicenter InSync™ randomized clinical evaluation implantable cardioverter defibrillator |
| MIRAGE | multi-institutional research in Alzheimer genetic epidemiology |
| MMAIT | malignant melanoma active immunotherapy trials; [Canvaxin™] |
| MMSS | MyoVive™ marketing surveillance study; |
| MOBILE | more patency with beta for in-stent restenosis in the lower extremity; sponsor: Novoste Corporation [Corona™ system] |
| MOCHA | multicenter oral carvedilol [Coreg®] heart failure assessment |
| MONICA | monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease |
| MORE | multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation |
| MOST | mode selection trial in sinus node dysfunction |
| MOXCON | moxonidine congestive heart failure trial; |
| MRFIT | multiple risk factor intervention trial |
| MR IMAGES | magnetic resonance in intravenous magnesium efficacy in stroke |
| MSMI | multicenter study of myocardial ischemia |
| MUST | medication use studies; multicenter stent study; multicenter stents ticlopidine; |
| MUST EECP | multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation [EECP®] |
| MUSTIC | multisite stimulation in cardiomyopathy |
| MUSTT | multicenter unstable tachycardia trial; multicenter unsustained tachycardia trial; |
| NAFT | North American Fragmin® trial |
| NASCET | North American symptomatic carotid endarterectomy trial; |
| NAVIGATOR | nateglinide and valsartan in impaired glucose tolerance outcomes research; |
| NETT | national emphysema treatment trial |
| NETWORK | Network of general practitioners and hospital physicians involved in the study of low versus high doses of enalapril in patients with heart failure trial |
| NICE | Novacor® inflow conduit evaluation; sponsor: World Heart Corporation |
| NICE 3 | national investigators collaborating on enoxaparin [Lovenox®] |
| NOCIS | new onset Crohn's intervention study |
| OASIS / OASIS-2 | organization to assess strategies for ischemic syndromes |
| OAT | open artery trial |
| OBJECT | overactive bladder: judging effective control and treatment [Ditropan XL v. Detrol] |
| OCBAS | optimal coronary balloon angioplasty versus stent |
| OCTAVE | omapatrilat [Vanlev™] cardiovascular treatment assessment versus enalapril |
| OHTS | ocular hypertension treatment study |
| OMNIUM | omeprazole [Prilosec®] versus misoprostol [Cytotec®] for NSAID-induced ulcer management |
| ONTARGET | ongoing telmisartan [Micardis®] alone and in combination with ramipril [Altace®] global endpoint trial |
| OPERA | omapatrilat [Vanlev™] in persons with enhanced risk of atherosclerotic events; |
| OPTIC | optimal pharmacological therapy in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients; sponsor: St. Jude Medical |
| OPTIMAAL | optimal trial in myocardial infarction with the angiotensin II antagonist losartan |
| OPTIME-CHF | outcomes of a prospective trial of intravenous milrinone for exacerbations of chronic heart failure |
| OPUS | orbofiban in patients with unstable coronary syndromes |
| ORBIT | oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade to inhibit thrombosis; |
| OVERTURE | omapatrilat versus enalapril randomized trial of utility in reducing events; |
| PAC-A-TACH | pacing in atrial fibrillation and tachycardia |
| PACIFIC | potential angina class improvement for intramyocardial channels |
| PACT | Philadelphia Association of Clinical Trials study plasminogen activator angioplasty compatibility trial prehospital application of coronary thrombolysis prourokinase in acute coronary thrombosis |
| PAMI | primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction; |
| PARADIGM | pramlintide for amylin replacement adjunct for diabetes in glycemic management; |
| PARAGON | platelet IIb/IIIa antagonism for the reduction of acute coronary syndrome events in the global organization network |
| PARIS | peripheral artery radiation investigational study [study of the Nucletron® Paris® leg artery radiation catheter] |
| PASS II | piracetam acute stroke study II search help: piracetam |
| PATH-CHF | pacing therapies for congestive heart failure |
| PAVE | post AV node ablation evaluation; sponsored by St. Jude Medical |
| PCDD | prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes |
| PCI-CURE | clopidogrel [Plavix®] in unstable angina to prevent recurrent ischemic events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention; companion to CURE study |
| PCPT | prostate cancer prevention trial; information |
| PDQUALIF | Parkinson('s) disease quality of life |
| PEACE | prevention of events with angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitor therapy |
| PEECH™ | prospective evaluation of EECP® in congestive heart failure; sponsor, Vasomedical, Inc. |
| PENTALYSE | synthetic pentasaccharide as an adjunct to fibrinolysis in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction |
| PENTUA | pentasaccharide in unstable angina |
| PEPI | postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions study |
| PETHEMA | programa para el estudio y tratamiento de las hemopatías malignas [program for the study and treatment of malignant hemopathies] |
| PHADE | pneumatic HeartMate® assist as destination evaluation; |
| PHAROS | pilot Huntington at risk observational study |
| PIE | protease inhibitor experienced [study of Fortovase™ with Kaletra™] |
| PIVOT | prostate cancer intervention versus observation trial |
| PLESS | Proscar® long-term efficacy and safety study; |
| PLUS | propentofylline long-term use study |
| POEM | patency, outcomes and economics of MIDCAB; |
| POLAR | pilot study of low-temperature angiogenic revascularization; sponsor: CryoCath Technologies, Inc. |
| POST | posterior stroke trial potassium-channel opening stroke trial |
| POWER | PTH for osteoporotic women on estrogen replacement [ALX1-11, a recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH) formulation]; sponsor: NPS Pharmaceuticals |
| PRAGUE | primary angioplasty in patients transferred from general community hospitals to specialized PTCA units with or without emergency thrombolysis |
| PRAISE | prospective randomized amlodipine survival evaluation |
| PRECEDENT | prospective randomized ectopy evaluation on dobutamine or Natrecor® (nesiritide) therapy; Scios Inc. |
| PREDICT-HD | neurobiologic predictors of Huntington disease onset |
| PREFER | preference study of Gengraf™ compared to Neoral™ in stable solid organ transplant subjects |
| PREPARE | prevent postmenopausal Alzheimer’s with replacement estrogens (a.k.a. Alzheimer('s) disease prevention trial) |
| PRESENT | preliminary safety evaluation of nanoporous tacrolimus-eluting stents; sponsor: JOMED N.V. |
| PRESTO | Parkinson('s) rasagiline: efficacy & safety in the treatment of "OFF" prevention of restenosis with tranilast and its outcomes |
| PREVENT | prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism program in ex vivo vein graft engineering via transfection proliferation reduction with vascular energy trial; sponsor: Guidant Corp. prospective randomized evaluation of the vascular effects of Norvasc® trial |
| PRIDE | protection during saphenous vein graft intervention to prevent distal embolization); |
| PRIME | pramipexole in minority persons with Parkinson('s) disease: efficacy program for irbesartan mortality and morbidity evaluations [consists of two studies: IRMA 2 and IDNT] |
| PRIMO-CABG | pexelizumab for reduction in infarction and mortality in coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
| PRINCE | pravastatin inflammation/CRP evaluation |
| PRINCESS | prevention of reinfarction with early treatment by cerivastatin study |
| PRISM-PLUS | platelet receptor inhibition for ischemic syndrome management in patients limited to very unstable signs and symptoms; |
| PROACT | prolyse in acute cerebral thromboembolism |
| PROACTION | prospective randomized outcomes study of acutely decompensated congestive heart failure treated initially in outpatients with Natrecor®; |
| PROBE | Primacor (milrinone lactate) for optimization of beta-blocker efficacy |
| PROBE evaluation | prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint; |
| PROBIT | promotion of breastfeeding intervention trial |
| PROGENI | Parkinson('s) research: the organized genetics initiative |
| PROGRESS | perindopril [Aceon®] protection against recurrent stroke study |
| PROMPT | profiling Remicade onset with methotrexate in a prospective trial |
| PROSPER | prospective study of pravastatin in the elderly at risk |
| PROTEKT | prospective resistant organism tracking for the ketolide telithromycin [Ketek™] |
| PROVE IT | pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapy; |
| PROWESS | recombinant human activated protein C [Xigris™] worldwide evaluation in severe sepsis |
| PSYCLOPS | psychosis and clozapine in Parkinson's disease |
| PTAMD | prophylactic treatment of AMD [age-related macular degeneration] |
| PURSUIT | platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in unstable angina: receptor suppression using Integrilin™ therapy |
| QoLITY | quality of life trial hypertension; |
| QUIET | quinapril [Accupril™] ischemic event trial |
| RACECAR | restenosis and clinical evaluation in coronary arteries; sponsor: Medtronic |
| RALES | randomized Aldactone® (spironolactone) evaluation study for congestive heart failure; |
| RAPID | radiation after PTA is done; sponsor: Radiance Medical Systems [RDX™ coronary radiation delivery catheter] rapid-acting Parkinson('s) drug |
| RAPPORT | ReoPro® and primary PTCA organization and ramdomized trial |
| RAVEL | randomized study with the sirolimus-eluting Bx Velocity™ balloon-expandable stent [Cypher™]; sponsor: Cordis |
| REACH | rehabilitation among women with coronary heart disease research on endothelin antagonism in chronic heart failure; |
| REACT | rapid early action for coronary treatment; University of Minnesota and JAMA 2000;283:3223-3229 [July 5, 2000] |
| ReALIZe | research to assess the long-term impact of Zomaril™ |
| RECIFE | reduction of cholesterol in ischemia and function of the endothelium |
| REDHOT | rapid emergency department heart failure outpatient trial [Trial to evaluate clinical utility of the Triage® BNP test in assessing effectiveness of therapy in the management of CHF.] |
| REGRESS | regression growth evaluation statin study |
| REIN | ramipril efficacy in nephropathy |
| REMATCH | randomized evaluation of mechanical assistance therapy as an alternative in congestive heart failure; |
| RENAAL | reduction in endpoints in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with the angiotensin II antagonist losartan |
| RENAISSANCE | randomized Enbrel® North American strategy to study antagonism of cytokines |
| RESPECT | risk evaluation and stroke prevention in the elderly - cerivastatin trial; |
| RESTOR | R stent™ efficacy and safety trial Orbus; sponsor: Orbus Medical Technologies |
| RESTORE | randomized efficacy study of tirofiban for outcomes and restenosis; |
| REVERSAL | reversal of atherosclerosis with Lipitor™ |
| REVERT | reversal of ventricular remodeling with Toprol-XL®; |
| RHYTHM | resynchronization for hemodynamic treatment for heart failure management; sponsor: St. Jude Medical [Epic™ HF ] |
| RID-HD | riluzole dosing in Huntington disease |
| RITZ-2 | randomized intravenous tezosentan |
| ROSTER | rotational atherectomy versus balloon angioplasty for diffuse in-stent restenosis |
| RUTH | raloxifene use for the heart; |
| SADHAT | sertraline (Zoloft®) antidepressant heart attack trial |
| SADHART | sertraline antidepressant heart attack randomized trial |
| SAFE | safety after fifty evaluation |
| SAFER | saphenous vein graft angioplasty free of emboli randomized trial; entry |
| SAFE-T | sotalol and amiodarone atrial fibrillation effectiveness trial |
| SAGE | study assessing goals in the elderly |
| SAPPHIRE | systolic and pulse pressure hemodynamic improvement by restoring elasticity; sponsor: Alteon Inc. [ALT-711] |
| SARECCO | stent or angioplasty after recanalization of chronic coronary occlusions |
| S.A.V.S. | Synercid® as an alternative to vancomycin in staph[ylococcal infections] SAVS |
| SCD-HeFT or SCDHeFT | sudden cardiac death/heart failure trial |
| SCRIP | study of cardiovascular risk intervention by pharmacists |
| SCRIPPS | Scripps coronary radiation to inhibit proliferation post stenting |
| SEAL | simple and effective arterial closure study; |
| SEARCH | study of effectiveness of additional reductions of cholesterol and homocysteine |
| SECURE | study to evaluate carotid ultrasound changes in patients treated with ramipril [Altace®] and vitamin E |
| SELECT | selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial; description |
| SELENA | safety of estrogens in lupus erythematosus national assessment |
| SHARP | subcutaneous heparin and angioplasty restenosis prevention |
| SHELTER | stenting of high risk patients extracranial lesions trial with emboli removal; |
| SHEP | systolic hypertension in the elderly program |
| SHIPS | study of a home intervention post stroke |
| SHOCK | should we emergently revascularize occluded coronaries for cardiogenic shock |
| SHOW | study of health outcomes in weight loss |
| SICCO | stenting in chronic coronary occlusion |
| SIESTA | snooze-induced excitation of sympathetic triggered activity |
| SILCAAT | study of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in people with low CD4+ T-cell counts on active anti-HIV therapy; Chiron Corporation |
| SILENT | sonotherapy for in-lesion elimination of neointimal tissue; sponsor: PharmaSonics Inc.; also see |
| SILVER | systolic hypertension interaction with left ventricular remodeling; sponsor: Alteon Inc. [ALT-711] |
| SIRIUS | a multicenter randomized double-blind study of the sirolimus-coated Bx Velocity™ stent [referred to as Cypher™ sirolimus-eluting stent] in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions; sponsor: Cordis search help: s/l "serious" |
| SIROCCO | sirolimus-coated Cordis S.M.A.R.T™ nitinol self-expanding stent in the treatment of obstructive superficial femoral artery disease |
| SMART | second manifestations of arterial disease serum markers acute myocardial infarction and rapid treatment strategies for the management of antiretroviral therapy study of medicine versus angioplasty reperfusion trial study of Microstent's ability to limit restenosis trial study of monoclonal antibody radioimmunotherapy; Synercid® microbiological assessment of resistance trends; |
| SMILE | survival of myocardial infarction long-term evaluation |
| SNAP | study of nitroglycerin and chest pain |
| SPAF | stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation |
| SPEED | strategies for patency enhancement in the emergency department |
| SPORT | spine patient ooutcomes research trial stent implantation post rotational atherectomy trial |
| SPORTIF-V | stroke prevention using oral thrombin inhibition in atrial fibrillation - V [5th series of SPORTIF trials]; |
| SOLVD | studies of left ventricular dysfunction |
| SONIA | stroke outcomes and neuroimaging of intracranial atherosclerosis |
| SONORA | safety of Neoral outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis |
| S.O.N.O.R.A.SM | study of new onset rheumatoid arthritis; sponsor: Knoll Pharmaceutical Company |
| SoS | stent or surgery |
| SPARCL | stroke prevention by aggressive reduction in cholesterol levels |
| SPICE | study of protease inhibitor combination in Europe; |
| SPLASH | sonotherapy prevention of late arterial in-stent hyperplasia; sponsor: PharmaSonics, Inc.; also see |
| SPS3 | stroke prevention of small subcortical strokes |
| SSITT | Swiss-Spanish intermittent trial |
| SSYLVIA | stenting in symptomatic atherosclerotic lesions of vertebral and intracranial arteries |
| STAR | study of tamoxifen and raloxifene; |
| STARS | standard treatment with activase to reverse stroke |
| START | saruplase and taprostene acute reocclusion trial St. Thomas' atherosclerosis regression trial study of thrombolytic therapy with additional response following taprostene stent versus angioplasty restenosis trial stent versus directional coronary atherectomy randomized trial stents and radiation therapy; selection of thymidine analog regimen therapy; |
| STAT | stroke treatment with ancrod trial |
| Stent PAMI | stent primary angioplasty for myocardial infarction |
| STEP-BD | systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder; study description |
| STICH | surgical treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage |
| STOP | sonotherapy for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease; sponsor: PharmaSonics, Inc. |
| STOP-DUB | surgical treatments outcomes project for dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
| STOP-Hypertension | Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension; |
| STRATAS | study to determine Rotablator® and transluminal angioplasty strategy |
| STRENGTH STRENGTH II |
statin response examined by genetic HAP™ markers; sponsor: Genaissance Pharmaceuticals |
| STRESS | stent restenosis study |
| STRETCH | symptom, tolerability, response to exercise trial of candesartan cilexetil [Atacand™] in heart failure |
| STRIDE | sitaxsentan to relieve impaired exercise in pulmonary hypertension |
| SUDEP | sudden unexpected death in epilepsy |
| SWEDIC | Sweden diastolic carvedilol |
| SWIFT | should we intervene following thrombolysis |
| SWING | sound waves inhibit neointimal growth; sponsor: PharmaSonics Inc.; also see |
| SWISS | siblings with ischemic stroke study |
| SWOG | Southwest Oncology Group [an adult cancer clinical trials organization]; SWOG protocols by indication |
| SYMPHONY | sibrafiban versus aspirin to yield maximum protection from ischemic heart events post-acute coronary syndromes; |
| SYNERGY | superior yield of the new strategy of enoxaparin, revascularization, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors |
| TACT | trial to assess chelation therapy [EDTA chelation therapy for coronary artery disease]; sponsor: National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
| TACTICS | thrombolysis and counterpulsation to improve cardiogenic shock survival treat angina with Aggrastat® and determine costs of therapy with invasive or conservative strategies [TIMI-18] |
| TAIST | tinzaparin in acute ischemic stroke trial |
| TARGET | do tirofiban [Aggrastat®] and ReoPro give similar efficacy outcomes trial |
| TCAS | temperature control during aneurysm surgery |
| TexCAPS | Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study |
| TeqCES | Tequin® clinical experience study |
| TheraP | TheraSource™ Pd-103 for prevention of restenosis; sponsor: Theragenics Corporation [TheraSource™ intravascular brachytherapy system] |
| TIGER-PA | tirofiban given in the emergency room before primary angioplasty |
| TIME | trial of invasive vs. medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic CAD |
| TIMI | thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; thrombin inhibition in myocardial infarction |
| TNT | treating to new targets |
| TOAT | the open artery trial |
| TONE | trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly |
| TOP | treatment of osteoporosis with PTH [ALX1-11, a recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH) formulation]; sponsor: NPS Pharmaceuticals |
| TOPIC | tobramycin once-daily prescribing in cystic fibrosis |
| TRACE | trandolapril cardiac evaluation study trial of genetic assessment in breast cancer |
| TRAFFIC | therapeutic angiogenesis with FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor) for intermittent claudication; sponsor: Chiron Corporation |
| TRANSCEND | telmisartan [Micardis®] randomized assessment study in ace intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease |
| TREAT | tranilast restenosis following angioplasty trial |
| TREND | trial on reversing endothelial dysfunction |
| TROPHY | trial for preventing hypertension; |
| TRUST | Tenax® for the prevention of restenosis and acute thrombotic complications. A useful stent trial [Tenax-XR, a silicon carbide-coated stent]; sponsor: Biotronik, Inc. |
| TTT4CNV | transpupillary thermotherapy for choroidal neovascularization |
| TURBO | the ultrasound removal of blood clots in vein grafts; Angiosonics |
| TUSS | tuberculosis ultraviolet shelter study |
| UK-HEART | United Kingdom heart failure evaluation and assessment of risk trial |
| UKPDS | United Kingdom perspective diabetes study |
| UNAIDS PETRA | United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS perinatal transmission trial |
| VA-HIT | Veterans Administration HDL intervention trial |
| Val-HeFT | valsartan heart failure trial; |
| VALIANT | valsartan in acute myocardial infarction trial; Vascular Architects femoropopliteal suboptimal angioplasty aSpire™ stent trial; sponsor: Vascular Architects |
| VALUE | valsartan antihypertensive long-term use evaluation; |
| VANILA | ventricular arrhythmia needing intravenous lidocaine/amiodarone |
| VANQWISH | Veterans Affairs non–Q-wave infarction strategies in hospital |
| VERT | vertebral efficacy with risedronate therapy; risedronate (Actonel®) |
| VICTORY | elective and acute stenting of coronary arteries on Express™ [coronary stent system]; sponsor: Boston Scientific |
| VIGOR | Vioxx® gastrointestinal outcomes research |
| VINTAGE MI | vascular interaction with age in myocardial infarction |
| VISION | vascular intervention study with ionizing radiation; sponsor: Guidant Corp. [Galileo™ intravascular radiotherapy system] |
| VISP | vitamin intervention for stroke prevention |
| VITATOPS | vitamins to prevent stroke |
| VIVA | VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in ischemia for vascular angiogenesis |
| VMAC | vasodilation in the management of acute congestive heart failure; |
| WARCEF | warfarin-aspirin reduced cardiac ejection fraction |
| WARIS-II | warfarin-aspirin reinfarction study |
| WARSS | warfarin aspirin recurrent stroke study |
| WASID | warfarin-asprin symptomatic intracranial disease study |
| WATCH | warfarin & antiplatelet therapy in chronic CHF women atorvastatin trial on cholesterol |
| WAVE | women's angiographic vitamins and estrogen trial |
| WEARIT | wearable cardioverter-defibrillator investigational trial |
| WIHS | women's interagency HIV study |
| WINS | women’s intervention nutrition study |
| WISE | women's ischemia syndrome evaluation; |
| WIZARD | weekly intervention with Zithromax® against atherosclerosis and related disorders |
| Women's HOPE | Women's health, osteoporosis, progestin, and estrogen study |
| WRIST | Washington radiation for in-stent restenosis trial |
| XISHF | xamoterol in severe heart failure |
| X-TRACT | X-Sizer™ for treatment of thrombus and atherosclerosis in coronary interventions trial X-Sizer |
| ZEUS | Zomaril™ efficacy/utility and safety; |
| ZIPP | Zoladex® (goserelin acetate implant) in premenopausal patients |
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