Pedal edema
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| Massive pretibial edema. (Image courtesy of Charlie Goldberg, M.D., UCSD School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, San Diego, California) |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Competent venous valves, intermittent leg muscle contraction and respiration is required to support normal venous blood return. When these fail, venous insufficiency and edema occur. Edema can occur in 2 forms: pitting and non-pitting. Pitting occurs when there is fluid movement when pressure is applied. Non-pitting is swelling of the tissue itself, not an excess of fluid surrounding the tissue. Edema is caused by an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in the serous cavities, tissues or cells causing painless, non-reddened swelling
Epidemiology and Demographics
25% of the general population suffers from chronic venous insufficiency.
Complete Differential Diagnosis
In alphabetical order: [1] [2]
- Abscess
- Acquired C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Addison's Disease
- Amniotic band
- Angioneurotic edema
- Anemia
- Anorexia Nervosa
- AV fistula
- Bartter's Syndrome
- Beriberi
- Boils
- Bruise
- Bulimia Nervosa
- Burn
- Cachexia
- Carbuncle
- Cellulitis
- Cold (physical stimuli)
- Contact dermatitis
- Contusion
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Drugs
- Erysipelas
- Exudative enteropathy
- Filariasis
- Fracture
- Frostbite
- Gas gangrene
- Gout
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hypoplasia
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic edema
- Insect bite
- Irritant
- Left heart failure
- Ligamentous sprain
- Liver failure
- Lymph node mass
- Malabsorption
- Malnutrition
- Mediastinal cancer
- Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome
- Milroy's Disease
- Musculoskeletal trauma
- Myocardial Infarction
- Neoplasm
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Osteomyelitis
- Peripheral nerve lesion
- Premenstrual edema
- Right heart failure
- Scleroderma
- Sepsis syndrome
- Snakebites
- Starvation edema
- Sunburn
- Surgical excision
- Tendonous strain
- Thoracic aneurysm
- Thrombophlebitis
- Thrombosis
- Tight clothing
- Trichinosis
- Tumors
- Varicose veins
Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.
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