Liothyronine sodium

Liothyronine sodium

Clinical data
ATC code	H03
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	99.7%
Elimination half-life	2.5 days
Identifiers
IUPAC name L-Tyrosine, O-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-,minisodium salt
CAS Number	6893-02-3
PubChem CID	5920
DrugBank	APRD01074
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H11I3NNaO4
Molar mass	672.96 g/mol

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Overview

Liothyronine sodium is the L-isomer of triiodothyronine (T₃), a form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. It is marketed under the brand name Cytomel (or Tertroxin in Australia).

Pharmacology

Liothyronine is the most potent form of thyroid hormone. As such, it acts on the body to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. The thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. These hormones also regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, affecting how human cells use energetic compounds.

In comparison to levothyroxine (T₄), liothyronine has a faster onset of action as well as a shorter biological half-life, which may be due to less plasma protein binding to thyroxine-binding globulin and transthyretin.

Side effects

Liothyronine may cause a number of side effects, which include:

• weight loss
• tremor
• headache
• upset stomach
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• stomach cramps
• nervousness
• irritability
• insomnia
• excessive sweating
• increased appetite
• fever
• changes in menstrual cycle
• sensitivity to heat
• temporary hair loss, particularly in children during the first month of therapy

Black box warning

The package insert for Cytomel contains the following black box warning:

Drugs with thyroid hormone activity, alone or together with other therapeutic agents, have been used for the treatment of obesity. In euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal

requirements are ineffective for weight reduction. Larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects.

See also

• Levothyroxine