The Living Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation

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	Atrial fibrillation;
ICD-10	I48
ICD-9	427.31
DiseasesDB	1065
MedlinePlus	000184
eMedicine	med/184 emerg/46

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Any recommendations found on these pages are for education use only. WikiDoc is not a substitute for a licensed healthcare provider. Please see the disclaimers page for important information regarding limitations of the information found here. In suggesting edits to the guidelines, WikiDoc suggests that the following classification scheme be used. Read more about the classification scheme used by the ACC / AHA Guidelines Committee here.

Atrial fibrillation
ICD-10	I48
ICD-9	427.31
DiseasesDB	1065
MedlinePlus	000184
eMedicine	med/184 emerg/46

v t e Electrocardiography
Overview	History of the EKG • EKG interpretation basics • Normal sinus rhythm
EKG Complexes	P wave • QRS complex • ST Segment • T wave • T wave alternans • Tombstone T wave • U wave Osborn wave • H wave • K wave • Delta wave NSSTW changes
EKG Intervals	PR Interval • QRS Interval • ST Interval • QT Interval
Conduction System & Bradycardia	Cardiac pacemaker • SA node • AV node• Bundle of His • Purkinje fibers • Sinus bradycardia • First Degree AV Block • Second Degree AV Block • Complete or Third-Degree AV Block • Concealed conduction • AV Junctional Rhythms • LBBB • LAHB • LPHB • RBBB • Trifascicular block
Atrial Arrhythmias	Sinus tachycardia • Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) • Ectopic Atrial Rhythm • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) • Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block • Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) • Atrial Flutter • Atrial Fibrillation • Wandering atrial pacemaker
Ventricular Arrhythmias	Differential Diagnosis of Tachycardia with a Wide QRS Complex • Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm • Ventricular Parasystole • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular Fibrillation • Sudden cardiac death
EKG Abnormalities in Disease States	Hypertrophy & Dilatation • Right atrial enlargement • Left atrial enlargement • Biatrial enlargement • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy • Biventricular Hypertrophy • Acute myocardial infarction • NSTEMI • STEMI • Tombstone ST elevation • Right ventricular myocardial infarction • Atrial infarction Pre-excitation Syndromes • Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome • Lown Ganong Levine Syndrome • Mahaim Type Preexcitation Cardiomyopathies • Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia • Dilated Cardiomyopathy • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Drug Effects on the EKG • Adenosine • β-blockers • Digitalis • Quinidine • Procainamide • Disopyramide • Lidocaine • Tocainide and Mexiletine • Phenytoin • Encainide, Flecainide and Propafenone • Amiodarone • Bretylium • Ca Channel Blockers • Phenothiazines • Tricyclic Antidepressants • Lithium Congenital Heart Disease • Dextrocardia • Atrial Septal Defect • Ventricular Septal Defect • Tetralogy of Fallot • Conjoined Twins or Siamese Twins • Congenital heart block Electrolyte Disturbances • Hyperkalemia • Hypokalemia • Hypercalcemia • Hypocalcemia • Nonspecific Changes Other Heart Diseases • Pericarditis • Myocarditis • Tamponade • Heart Transplantation • Sick Sinus Syndrome • Long QT Syndrome Inherited Disease • Brugada Syndrome Systemic Diseases • CNS Disease • Cardiac Tumors Heart Transplantation • EKG Changes in patient with Heart Transplantation Exogenous Effects • Hypothermia • Chest Trauma • Insect Bites • Electric Injuries
Technical Issues and Potential Errors in Interpretation	Artifacts • Lead Placement Errors • The EKG in a Patient with a Pacemaker • EKG in athletes

The Living Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation

Recommendations for pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendations for preventing thromboembolism [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendations for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendation for direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class III

Recommendation for pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion [1]

Class IIa

Class IIb

Recommendation for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Recommendations for maintenance of sinus rhythm [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class III

Recommendations for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Recommendations for patients with acute myocardial infarction [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class III

Recommendations for patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW) [1]

Class I

Class IIa

Class IIb

Class III

Recommendations for patients with hyperthyroidism [2]

Class I

Recommendations for pregnant patients [2]

Class I

Class IIb

Recommendations for patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [2]

Class I

Class IIa

Recommendations for patients with Pulmonary Hypertension [2]

Class I

Class III

References

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Recommendations for pharmacological rate control during atrial fibrillation ^[1]

Recommendations for preventing thromboembolism ^[1]

Recommendations for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation ^[1]

Recommendation for direct-current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter ^[1]

Recommendation for pharmacological enhancement of direct-current cardioversion ^[1]

Recommendation for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardioversion ^[1]

Recommendations for maintenance of sinus rhythm ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with acute myocardial infarction ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW) ^[1]

Recommendations for patients with hyperthyroidism ^[2]

Recommendations for pregnant patients ^[2]

Recommendations for patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ^[2]

Recommendations for patients with Pulmonary Hypertension ^[2]