Fat embolism syndrome (patient information)

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Jinhui Wu, MD

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How do I know if I have fat embolism syndrome and what are the symptoms of fat embolism syndrome?

There is usually a latent period of 24 to 72 hours between injury and onset. The onset is then sudden. The usual symptoms include:

• Chest pain
• Tachypnoea, even breathlessness
• Fever
• Petechial rash
• Headache
• Restlessness
• Disorientation, confusion, seizures, stupor, even coma
• Renal dysfunction: Oliguria, haematuria, or anuria.

Who is at risk for fat embolism syndrome?

• Blunt trauma
• Acute pancreatitis
• Diabetes mellitus
• Burns
• Pathologic fractures
• Joint reconstruction
• Liposuction
• Cardiopulmonary bypass
• Decompression sickness
• Parenteral lipid infusion

How to know you have fat embolism syndrome?

• Lab tests: Fat globules free or in macrophages can be detected in urine, blood or sputum in patients with fat embolism. It is a low sensitivity test. A negative result does not exclude fat embolism.
• Blood gases: This test may demonstrate hypoxia, low pO2 (less than 8 kPa or 60 mmHg), and hypocapnia .
• Blood tests: Complete blood count (CBC) may show decreased platelets and haematocrit. Lipase level is elevated.
• Chest x-ray: This image in patients with fat embolism syndrome may show snow storm appearance, increased pulmonary markings and dilatation of the right side of the heart within 24-48 h of onset of clinical findings..
• Brain MRI scan may help in the diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism.
• Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE):

Diseases with similar symptoms

• Pulmonary embolism
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Where to find medical care for fat embolism syndrome?

Directions to Hospitals Treating fat embolism syndrome

Copyleft Sources

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460524-overview

http://www.onlinejets.org/article.asp?issn=0974-2700;year=2009;volume=2;issue=1;spage=29;epage=33;aulast=Shaikh

http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Fat-Embolism.htm

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/564662_5