Sudden cardiac death causes

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In a patient with sudden death, a thorough evaluation of potential causes is essential to exclude preventable causes of recurrence.

Complete Differential Diagnosis for Sudden Cardiac Death

• Acute aortic insufficiency
• Acute coronary syndrome
• Aortic dissection
• Aortic stenosis
• Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
• Brugada syndrome
• Cardiac tamponade
• Cardiomyopathy
• Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
• Commotio cordis
• Complete heart block
• Congenital heart disease
• Congestive heart failure
• Coronary artery disease
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
• Kugel-Stoloff syndrome
• Long QT syndrome, both congenital and acquired
• Mitral valve prolapse
• Myocarditis
• Naxos disease
• Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
• Papillary muscle rupture
• Prolonged Q-T Interval Syndrome
• Pulmonary embolism
• Romano-Ward syndrome
• Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Sick sinus syndrome
• ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
• Stokes-Adams Syndrome
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
• Timothy syndrome
• Uhl anomaly
• Valvular Heart Disease
• Ventricular rupture
• Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome with rapid conduction

Complete Differential Diagnosis for Sudden Non-Cardiac Death

• 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 1
• Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency
• Amniotic fluid syndrome
• Arterial dissections with lentiginosis
• Anaphylaxis
• Aneurysm
• Apoplexy
• Appendicitis
• Asphyxia
• Birth injury
• Bleeding excessive
• Childbirth hemorrhage
• Diabetic ketoacidosis - typically from undiagnosed diabetes
• Drug allergy
• Drug overdose
• Encephalitis
• Fetal death
• Flu mainly in the elderly, infants, infirm or chronically ill
• Food allergy
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Homicide
• Hyperbilirubinemia transient, familial, neonatal
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypercapnia
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypokalemia
• Hypoxia
• Injury
• Insect bite
• Intracranial hemmorhage
• Marfan syndrome
• Meningitis
• Meningococcal disease
• Motor Vehicle accident
• Myasthenia Gravis
• Neurocysticercosis
• Opioid overdose
• Oxycontin overdose
• Pain killer overdose
• Pickwickian Syndrome
• Poisoning
• Pulmonary embolism
• Retroperitoneal bleed
• Sepsis syndrome
• Shock
• Sleep apnea
• Snake bite
• Status asthmaticus
• Stillbirth
• Stroke
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
• Suicide
• Sleeping pill overdose
• Toxic/metabolic disturbances
• Tranquilizer addiction
• Tension pneumothorax
• Toxic/metabolic disturbances
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Toxic shock syndrome
• Transfusion reaction
• Venom

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Sudden Death Including Sudden Cardiac Death

3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 1 Acute aortic insufficiency Acute coronary syndrome Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency Amniotic fluid syndrome Amyloid cardiopathy Anaphylaxis Aneurysm Aortic dissection Aortic stenosis Aorto-ventricular tunnel Apoplexy Appendicitis Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Arterial dissections with lentiginosis Asphyxia Asymmetric septal hypertrophy Atrial cardiomyopathy with heart block Atrial fibrillation, familial 1 Atrial myxoma, familial Bleeding excessive Brugada syndrome Cardiac tamponade Cardiomyopathy dilated with conduction defect Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Childbirth hemorrhage Commotio cordis Complete heart block Congenital heart block Congenital heart disease Congestive heart failure Coronary arteries - congenital malformation Coronary artery disease Diabetic ketoacidosis - typically from undiagnosed diabetes Drug allergy Drug overdose Encephalitis Familial dilated cardiomyopathy Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1 Flumainly in the elderly, infants, infirm or chronically ill Food allergy Gastrointestinal bleeding Giant cell myocarditis Heart attack Heart failure Homicide Hyperbilirubinemia transient, familial, neonatal Hypercalcemia Hypercapnia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypoxia Injury Insect bite Intracranial hemmorhage Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Kugel-Stoloff syndrome

Marfan syndrome Meningitis Meningococcal disease Mitral valve prolapse Multifocal ventricular premature beats Myasthenia gravis Myocarditis Naxos disease Neurocysticercosis Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy Opioid overdose Oxycontin overdose Pain killer overdose Papillary muscle rupture Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation Pickwickian Syndrome Poisoning Polymorphic catecholergic ventricular tachycardia Prescribed medication addiction Prinzmetal's variant angina Prolonged Q-T Interval Syndrome Pulmonary embolism Retroperitoneal bleed Motor Vehicle accident Romano-Ward syndrome Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm Sepsis syndrome Shock Short QT syndrome Sick sinus syndrome Sinus node disease Sleep apnea Sleeping pill overdose Snake bite ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Status asthmaticus Stillbirth Stokes-Adams Syndrome Stroke Subaortic stenosis - short stature syndrome Subarachnoid hemorrhage Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Suicide Tension pneumothorax Thyrotoxicosis Timothy syndrome Toxic shock syndrome Toxic/metabolic disturbances Tranquilizer addiction Transfusion reaction Uhl anomaly Valvular Heart Disease Venom Ventricular rupture Ventricular tachycardia, catecholaminergic polymorphic, 1 Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Sudden Death Including Sudden Cardiac Death

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Amyloid cardiopathy, Congestive heart failure, Ventricular rupture,
* Ischemic	Hypoxia, Coronary thrombosis, Coronary vasospasm, Coronary artery aneurysm, Prinzmetal's variant angina ,
* Pericardial	Cardiac tamponade,
* Myocardial	Asymmetric septal hypertrophy , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Giant cell myocarditis , Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Kugel-Stoloff syndrome , Myocardial infarction, Myocarditis, Rupture of the papillary muscles,
* Endocardial/Valvular	Mitral valve prolapse, Valvular Heart Disease,
* Conduction/Arrhythmia	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, Brugada syndrome, Complete atrioventricular block, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome, Prolonged Q-T Interval Syndrome, Multifocal ventricular premature beats , Naxos disease , Romano-Ward syndrome , Sick sinus syndrome, Short QT syndrome , Sinus node disease, Stokes-Adams Syndrome, Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndrome, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome,
* Vascular	Acute aortic insufficiency, Acute coronary syndrome, Aortic dissection, Aortic stenosis, Aorto-ventricular tunnel, Arteritis, Coronary artery disease, Coronary arteries - congenital malformation , Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm,
Congenital/Developmental	Congenital heart disease, Congenital heart block , Congenital Long QT syndrome, Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Uhl anomaly
Chemical / poisoning	Snake bite
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Drug allergy, Drug overdose
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, Diabetic ketoacidosis - typically from undiagnosed diabetes, Thyrotoxicosis,
Environmental	Hypothermia,
Gastroenterologic	Appendicitis, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Retroperitoneal bleed,
Genetic	Brugada syndrome, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 1, Familial dilated cardiomyopathy , Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1, Hyperbilirubinemia transient, familial neonatal, Marfan syndrome , Timothy syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Transfusion reaction
Infectious Disease	Flu mainly in the elderly, infants, infirm or chronically ill, Neurocysticercosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Apoplexy, Encephalitis, Intracranial hemmorhage, Meningitis, Stroke, Subarachnoid hemorrhage,
Nutritional / Metabolic	3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 1, Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency , Food allergy
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Amniotic fluid syndrome , Childbirth hemorrhage,
Oncologic	Atrial myxoma, familial
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Opioid overdose , Oxycontin overdose, Pain killer overdose , Sleeping pill overdose
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Hypercapnia, Pickwickian Syndrome, Pulmonary embolism, Tension pneumothorax, Status asthmaticus
Renal / Electrolyte	Hypercalcemia, Hypokalemia, Hyperkalemia,
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Amyloidosis, Anaphylaxis, Myasthenia gravis, Sarcoidosis,
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Commotio cordis, Homicide, Motor Vehicle accident
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Shock, Asphyxia, Insect bite Sepsis syndrome, Shock