Cardiac tamponade history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
History and Symptoms
Patients may present with sudden onset of:
Presentation vary with the cause and acuteness of the tamponade. Such as:
- Acute: Cardiac tamponade may develop rapidly in the setting of trauma, rupture of heart or aorta, or as a complication during thoracic surgery. This is often a life threatening condition mandating emergent intervention to relieve high pericardial pressure[1]. These patients may present with features of cardiogenic shock- hypotension, cold clammy extremities, peripheral cyanosis, and decreased urine output.
- Sub-acute: Patients may be asymptomatic to begin with. But as pericardial fluid accumulates over few days to weeks, the intrapericardial pressure reaches a threshold and the patients present with peripheral edema in addition to above listed symptoms. Sub-acute tamponade is associated with neoplastic, uremic, or idiopathic pericarditis.
- Low pressure cardiac tamponade: is a subset of sub-acute tamponade. This occurs in patients who are hypovolemic secondary to hemorrhage or overdiuresis.
Symptoms based on etiology
- Weight loss and cachexia in malignancy.
- Joints and muscular pain in connective tissue disorders.
- Night sweats, fever, and weight loss in tuberculosis