Atrial septal defect echocardiography coronary sinus

Atrial Septal Defect Microchapters
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Overview
Anatomy
Classification
Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Coronary Sinus
Patent Foramen Ovale
Common or Single Atrium
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
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Medical Therapy
Surgery
Indications for Surgical Repair
Surgical Closure
Minimally Invasive Repair
Robotic ASD Repair
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Eli V. Gelfand, MD; Keri Shafer, M.D. [2];

Associate Editors-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [[4]]

Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[5]]

Overview

Echocardiography may be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of an atrial septal defect. Common malformations of the septal wall include: ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus, and patent foramen ovale. Uncommonly, a defect may occur in the coronary sinus. Specific characteristics exist in echocardiography to identify these classifications of atrial septal defects.

Echocardiography and Ostium Primum Defects

Characteristics of ostium primum defects include:

• Seen best on an apical 4-chamber view.
• Occurs at the lower part of the septum near the valvular inlet.
• Associated with cleft mitral valve, ventricular septal defect, atriovalvular regurgitation, abnormal valvular leaflet insertions and other endocardial cushion defects.

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  Defect is present in the lower portion of the inter-atrial septum.

Echocardiography and Ostium Secundum Defects

Characteristics of ostium secundum defects include:

• Seen best on subcostal 4-chamber view.
• Occurs in the middle of the septum in the area of the fossa ovalis.
• Most common type of ASD.

• 

  In this echocardiogram, a large secundum ASD is seen in the middle of the atrial septal wall.

Echocardiography and Sinus Venosus Defects

Characteristics of sinus venosus defects include:

• Seen best in the subcostal four-chamber view by paying special attention to the superior and posterior portions of the atria.
• Occurs at the top of the septum near the insertion of the superior vena cava.

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Echocardiography and Coronary Sinus Defects

Characteristics of coronary sinus defects include:

• Seen on a subcostal four-chamber view.
• Occurs at the site of the coronary sinus drainage.
• Very rare.

• 

  An echocardiogram of a secundum ASD with doppler flow across the defect before and after closure Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult, Columbia Surgery

Useful Links

Yale Congenital Heart Disease- ASD [6] Emedicine Sinus Venosus Defect