Noncompaction cardiomyopathy genetics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy can appear sporadically or can be familial. Several mutations have been identified. 40% of family members are affected. There is predominantly an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. There are more males with NCC than females which suggests a X linked pattern of inheritance in some patients.
Genetics
Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium was recently included in the 2006 classification of cardiomyopathies as a genetic cardiomyopathy [1].
Several potential genetic abnormalities have been identified:
- One defect is in the gene that encodes for alpha-dystrobrevin. This is a dystrophin-associated protein which has been mapped to chromosome 18q12. The role of this protein is to preserve the structural integrity of the muscle membrane.
- There is a second X-linked genetic defect which involves a mutation in the gene G4.5 (TAZ), the same gene involved in Barth syndrome. As a result, some patients with NCC have features of Barth syndrome. This gene which encodes for tafazzin.
- Mutations of the ryanodine receptor 2 gene (RyR2) as has been seen in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventircular dysplasia.
- Deletions of the FKBP12 gene result in noncompaction in the mouse.
- LMNA mutations
- Abnormalities of trnascription factors such as NKX2.5 and TBX5.
- Abnormalities of 11p15 as suggested in a GWAS analysis.
- 22q11 deletion
The majority of the time the pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant. In some families, the mode of transmission appears to be x-linked or via mitochondrial transmission.
References
- ↑ Maron, Barry.; Towbin, Jeffrey.; Thiene, Gaetano; Antzelevitch, Charles; Corrado, Domenico. (2006). "Contemporary Definitions and Classification of the Cardiomyopathies" (webpage). American Heart Association Journals. American Heart Association t. 113 (14). 113:1807-1816.