Pregnancy and heart disease epidemiology and demographics

Cardiac disease in pregnancy Microchapters
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Special Scenarios: I. Pre-existing Cardiac Disease: Congenital Heart Disease Repaired Congenital Heart Disease Pulmonary Hypertension Rheumatic Heart Disease Connective Tissue Disorders II. Valvular Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis Mitral Regurgitation Aortic Insufficiency Aortic Stenosis Mechanical Prosthetic Valves Tissue Prosthetic Valves III. Cardiomyopathy: Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Peripartum Cardiomyopathy IV. Cardiac diseases that may develop During Pregnancy: Arrhythmias Acute Myocardial Infarction Hypertension
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor In Chief: Anjan K. Chakrabarti, M.D. [2]

Overview

• Approximately 1-4% of pregnancies in the United States involve maternal cardiovascular disease.

Epidemiology in Developed and Developing Countries

• Increasing numbers of women with congenital heart disease are now reaching childbearing age.
• Congential heart disease is now the most common form of heart disease complicating pregnancy in the United States.
• Rheumatic heart disease still predominates in developing countries and in immigrant populations in the United States.
• Maternal death during pregnancy in women with heart disease is rare; conditions that are associated with increased mortality include Eisenmenger syndrome, pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, and Marfan syndrome with aortopathy.
• In a prospective study of 562 pregnant women with heart disease (aged 28+/-6 years) at 13 Canadian cardiac and obstetric teaching hospitals, a primary cardiac event occurred in 80 completed pregnancies (13%), the most common being pulmonary edema and cardiac arrhythmia.

References

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