Tachypnea

Tachypnea
ICD-10	R06.0
ICD-9	786.06

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Tachypnea (or "tachypnoea") (Greek: "rapid breathing") is characterized by rapid breathing and is not identical with hyperventilation - tachypnea may be necessary for a sufficient gas-exchange of the body, for example after exercise, in which case it is not hyperventilation.

Common Causes of Tachypnea

congestive heart failure COPD Metabolic acidosis

Differential Diagnosis of Disorders Associated with Tachypnea

In alphabetical order:

• Acute MI
• Angina
• Anxiety
• Beta-agonists
• CHF
• COPD
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Head trauma
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypotension
• Metabolic acidosis
• Pneumonia
• Pneumothorax
• Restrictive lung disease
• Salicylate toxicity
• Sepsis
• Severe dehydration
• Sympathomimetics (e.g. cocaine)

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

• History focus on time course, associated symptoms, past history, precipitants

Physical Examination

Tachypnea varies with age:

• Infants = 24-38 rpm
• Adults & small children = 12-19 rpm

Laboratory Findings

Useful laboratory studies to order might include:

• Arterial blood gas
• CBC
• Electrolytes
• Renal function
• Glucose
• Pulse oximetry
• Pulmonary function
• Asprin levels
• Toxicology screen

Chest X Ray

• Should be included in workup

Spiral CT

• This is a useful study to evaluate both the lung parenchyma and to rule out pulmonary embolism

Echocardiography

• Useful if congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, or cardiac tamponade are suspected

Treatment

• Immediatly asess airway, breathing and circulation
• Administer oxygen
• Evaluate potential toxic ingestions and treat immediatly
• Treat any pain appropriatly

See also

• Hyperventilation, deep or fast breathing
• Hyperpnea
• Hypoventilation, too shallow or too slow breathing
• Control of respiration