Tachypnea

Tachypnea
ICD-10	R06.0
ICD-9	786.06

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Tachypnea (or "tachypnoea") (Greek: "rapid breathing") is characterized by rapid breathing and is not identical with hyperventilation - tachypnea may be necessary for a sufficient gas-exchange of the body, for example after exercise, in which case it is not hyperventilation.

Common Causes of Tachypnea

• Congestive heart failure
• COPD
• Metabolic acidosis

Differential Diagnosis of Disorders Associated with Tachypnea

In alphabetical order:

• Acute MI
• Angina
• Anxiety
• Beta-agonists
• CHF
• COPD
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Head trauma
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypotension
• Metabolic acidosis
• Pneumonia
• Pneumothorax
• Restrictive lung disease
• Salicylate toxicity
• Sepsis
• Severe dehydration
• Sympathomimetics (e.g. cocaine)

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

• History focus on time course, associated symptoms, past history, precipitants

Physical Examination

Tachypnea varies with age:

• Infants = 24-38 rpm
• Adults & small children = 12-19 rpm

Laboratory Findings

Useful laboratory studies to order might include:

• Arterial blood gas
• CBC
• Electrolytes
• Renal function
• Glucose
• Pulse oximetry
• Pulmonary function
• Asprin levels
• Toxicology screen

Chest X Ray

• Should be included in workup

Spiral CT

• This is a useful study to evaluate both the lung parenchyma and to rule out pulmonary embolism

Echocardiography

• Useful if congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, or cardiac tamponade are suspected

Treatment

• Immediatly asess airway, breathing and circulation
• Administer oxygen
• Evaluate potential toxic ingestions and treat immediatly
• Treat any pain appropriatly

See also

• Hyperventilation, deep or fast breathing
• Hyperpnea
• Hypoventilation, too shallow or too slow breathing
• Control of respiration