Atrial septal defect epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]
Overview
Atrial septal defects are the most common form of congenital heart disease, accounting for 20-40% of all congenital heart disease cases in adults. There are three major types: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus vinosus. Collectively, atrial septal defects account for 10% of all congenital heart disease. Infants and adolescent patients may be asymptomatic until later in life. By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of symptoms.
Epidemiology and demographics
As a group, atrial septal defects (ASDs) are detected in 1 child per 1500 live births. ASDs make up 20-40% of all congenital heart disease that is seen in adults and are the most common form of congenital heart defect in adults besides bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse.[1]
There are three major types of atrial septal defects, ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus vinosus, account for 10% of all congenital heart disease.
The ostium secundum defect is the most common type of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 7% of all congenital heart defects and 30-40% of all congenital heart disease in patients aged 40 or older. The ostium primum defect is the second most common type of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 15-20% of all atrial septal defects. This particular form of atrial septal defect is also categorized as an atrioventricular septal defect and is associated with mitral valve abnormalities. The sinus venosus defect is the third most common form of atrial septal defect. It accounts for 5-10% of all atrial septal defects. It is commonly associatd with anomalous connection of the right-sided pulmonary veins and often requires additional imaging tests in diagnosis. Another form of atrial septal defect, [atent foramen ovales (PFOs) are quite common (appearing in 10 - 20% of adults) but are asymptomatic and therefore undiagnosed.
In general, atrial septal defect shows a female preponderance, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1.[2]
By 40 years of age, approximately 90% of untreated atrial septal defect patients will experience an onset of symptoms. Prior to 40, patients may be entirely asymptomatic and live without complication.
References
- ↑ Kaplan S (1993). "Congenital heart disease in adolescents and adults. Natural and postoperative history across age groups". Cardiol Clin. 11 (4): 543–56. PMID 8252558.
- ↑ Feldt R, Avasthey P, Yoshimasu F, Kurland L, Titus J (1971). "Incidence of congenital heart disease in children born to residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950-1969". Mayo Clin Proc. 46 (12): 794–9. PMID 5128021.