Deep vein thrombosis natural history, complications and prognosis
Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor-In-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [1]
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Deep Vein Thrombosis Microchapters |
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Natural History
The natural history of DVT is a dynamic process, with both thrombolysis and thrombus extension occurring after an episode of DVT. With the introduction of duplex scanning, several clinical studies have investigated and tried to clarify the natural history of DVT, the rate of recanalization of the thrombus, and the presence of reflux and its relation to lysis of the thrombus.[1]
Prognosis
Post-phlebitic syndrome occurs in 10% of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It presents with leg edema, pain, nocturnal cramping, venous claudication, skin pigmentation, dermatitis and ulceration (usually on the medial aspect of the lower leg).
Death occurs in about 6 percent of DVT cases within one month of diagnosis. [2]
According to a study done on 826 patients in Medical University of Vienna the risk of recurrence was almost four times as great among men as among women.[3]
Complications
The major outcomes of venous thrombosis are death, recurrence, post-thrombotic syndrome and major bleeding due to anticoagulation. Thrombosis is also associated with impaired quality of life, particularly when post-thrombotic syndrome develops[4]. Death occurs within one month of an episode in about 6% of those with DVT and 10% of those with PE
Ongoing Health Care Needs
Medicines that thin your blood and prevent blood clots are used to treat DVT. These medicines can thin your blood too much and cause bleeding (sometimes inside the body). This side effect can be life threatening.
Bleeding may occur in the digestive system or the brain. Signs and symptoms of bleeding in the digestive system include:
- Bright red vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
- Bright red blood in your stools or black, tarry stools
- Pain in your abdomen
Signs and symptoms of bleeding in the brain include:
- Severe pain in your head
- Sudden changes in your vision
- Sudden loss of movement in your arms or legs
- Memory loss or confusion
If you have any of these signs or symptoms, get treatment right away.
References
- ↑ Markel A (2005). "Origin and natural history of deep vein thrombosis of the legs". Semin Vasc Med. 5 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1055/s-2005-871743. PMID 15968582.
- ↑ White RH (2003). "The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism". Circulation. 107 (23 Suppl 1): I4–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66. PMID 12814979.
- ↑ Kyrle PA, Minar E, Bialonczyk C, Hirschl M, Weltermann A, Eichinger S (2004). "The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in men and women". N Engl J Med. 350 (25): 2558–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa032959. PMID 15201412. Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):78
- ↑ Kahn SR, Ducruet T, Lamping DL, Arsenault L, Miron MJ, Roussin A; et al. (2005). "Prospective evaluation of health-related quality of life in patients with deep venous thrombosis". Arch Intern Med. 165 (10): 1173–8. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.10.1173. PMID 15911732.