Cardiac tumors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Electrocardiographic Findings
Replacement of electrically active tissue by inert tissue such as a tumor or Chagas disease can result in Q waves. Pericardial metastases can result in atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter.
CT
Labeled images below are courtesy of RadsWiki and copylefted.
- Atrial Myxoma
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Atrial Myxoma
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Atrial Myxoma
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Atrial Myxoma
- Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma
MRI
Pathological Findings
Image shown below is courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission. © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
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HEART: Metastatic Tumor: Gross very unusual large metastatic carcinoid in right atrium
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Cardiac Myxoma A gelatinous tumor is attached by a narrow pedicle to the atrial septum. The myxoma has an irregular surface and nearly fills the left atrium.
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Cardiac Myxoma There was a calcified right atrial mass on the X ray of a 47-year-old man. Resection demonstrated a smooth-surfaced tumor. The gritty material seen microscopically on cut section was calcified and ossified myxoma.
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Cardiac Fibroma Cut surface of the tumor shown in figure 6-2. The left ventricular (LV) cavity is present behind the mass. The patient was a 4-month-old child who died suddenly without a previous medical history.
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This tumor was resected from the right atrium of a 1-year-old boy with pericardial effusions. Note areas of hemorrhage and dilated vessels. The patient was well 49 months postoperatively.
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Papillary fibroelastomas are often on the arterial surface and may project into the coronary ostium, causing ostial occlusion. This tumor is in the noncoronary sinus.
Prognosis
The vast majority of the tumors of the heart have a benign course and are not directly fatal. However, even the benign tumors of the heart can be lethal due to either direct extension into the electrical conduction system of the heart (causing complete heart block or a fatal dysrhythmia), or due to emboli from the tumor mass that may have lethal sequelae.
The malignant tumors of the heart have a worse prognosis. Cardiac sarcomas generally lead to death within 2 years of diagnosis, due to rapid infiltration of the myocardium of the heart and obstruction of the normal flow of blood within the heart.[1][2]