Cardiac tumors history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
History and Symptoms
Patients with cardiac tumors have a spectrum of presentation. Many may remain asymptomatic with tumor being an incidental finding. Few may present with symptoms of valve abnormalities, rhythm disturbances, endocarditis or even heart failure.
Left Atrial Tumors
Atrial myxomas which is benign, is the most common primary tumor of left atrium. However, other metastatic tumors may have a similar presentation[1]. Left atrial tumors may obstruct blood flow across the mitral valve into the left ventricle simulating mitral stenosis. These patients may further develop following symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and heart failure:
- Orthopnoea
- Shortness of breath with activity
- Chest pain
- Cough with hemoptysis
- Dizziness
- Fainting
- Palpitations
- Pedal edema
- Dizziness
Patients may also give a history of worsening of symptoms in certain position.
Right atrial tumors
Tumors in the lumen of right atria may obstruct tricuspid valve similar to the left atrial myxoma. Resulting in reduced blood flow across tricuspid valve simulating symptoms of right heart failure such as:
- Pedal edema
- Abdominal distension in presence of ascites
Right ventricular tumors
Tumors in right ventricle are usually intra-luminal resulting in reduced right ventricular filling or outflow. The symptoms in patients with right ventricular tumors mimic pulmonary stenosis or tricuspid valve insufficiency. These patients may ultimately progress to right heart failure.
Left ventricular tumors
Left ventricular tumors can occur intra-luminal or intra-mural. The tumors with in the cavity of left ventricle may obstruct ventricular outflow simulating aortic stenosis. The patients with intra-mural tumors may present with cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias. Left ventricular failure may develop in these patients if left untreated. Patients may present complaining of:
References
- ↑ Kumar S, Chaudhry MA, Khan I, Duthie DJ, Lindsay S, Kaul P (2004). "Metastatic left atrial synovial sarcoma mimicking a myxoma". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 128 (5): 756–8. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.03.037. PMID 15514606.