Mycolactone
|
WikiDoc Resources for Mycolactone |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Mycolactone Most cited articles on Mycolactone |
|
Media |
|
Powerpoint slides on Mycolactone |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Mycolactone at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Mycolactone at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Mycolactone
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Mycolactone Discussion groups on Mycolactone Patient Handouts on Mycolactone Directions to Hospitals Treating Mycolactone Risk calculators and risk factors for Mycolactone
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Mycolactone |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Mycolactone is a polyketide-derived macrolide produced and secreted by the pathogenic mycobacteria M. ulcerans, M. liflandii, M. pseudoshottsii, and a few M. marinum isolates.
The M. ulcerans toxins comprise a family of polyketide-derived macrolides, mycolactones, which are formed through condensation of two polyketide chains. Each isolate of M. ulcerans produces a characteristic mixture of mycolactone congeners. M. ulcerans strains from different geographic areas produce distinct patterns of mycolactone congeners. The structural heterogeneity in mycolactones is due to variations in the fatty acid side chain. The structure of the core lactone is invariant.[1]
Genes for mycolactone biosynthesis form a contiguous 110-kb cluster (Fig. 1A) on a large plasmid. The lactone core is encoded by two polyketide synthase (Pks) genes, mlsA1 and mlsA2, and a third polyketide synthase gene, mlsB, encodes the fatty acid side chain. Three accessory genes are found in the mycolactone cluster. One of these, MUP053, encodes a p450 monooxygenase that is thought to produce the hydroxyl at C′-12 on the fatty acid side chain. The gene encoding a FabH-like, type III ketosynthase (KS), located upstream of mlsA1, encodes a putative “joinase” (MUP045), and a small type II thioesterase (TE II) gene (MUP037) is located between mlsA2 and mlsB.[1]
Five categories have been described so far:
- Mycolactone A/B (M. ulcerans from Africa, Malaysia, ...)
- Mycolactone C (8 Australian M. ulcerans isolates)
- Mycolactone D (M. ulcerans from Asia)
- Mycolactone E (M. liflandii)[1]
- Mycolactone F (M. pseudoshottsii and M. marinum from Israël)[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mve-Obiang A; Lee RE; Umstot ES; Trott KA; Grammer TC; Parker JM; Ranger BS; Grainger R; Mahrous EA; Small PLC (2005). "A newly discovered mycobacterial pathogen isolated from laboratory colonies of Xenopus species with lethal infections produces a novel form of mycolactone, the Mycobacterium ulcerans macrolide toxin". Infect. Immun. 73 (6): 3307&ndash, 3312.
- ↑ Ranger BS; Mahrous EA; Mosi L; Adusumilli S; Lee RE; Colorni A; Rhodes M; Small PLC (2006). "Globally distributed mycobacterial fish pathogens produce a novel plasmid-encoded toxic macrolide, mycolactone F." Infect. Immun.