Isotopes of iodine
Template:Multiplemergefrom There are 37 isotopes of iodine (I) and only one, 127I, is stable.
In many ways, 129I is similar to 36Cl. It is a soluble halogen, fairly non-reactive, exists mainly as a non-sorbing anion, and is produced by cosmogenic, thermonuclear, and in-situ reactions. In hydrologic studies, 129I concentrations are usually reported as the ratio of 129I to total I (which is virtually all 127I). As is the case with 36Cl/Cl, 129I/I ratios in nature are quite small, 10−14 to 10−10 (peak thermonuclear 129I/I during the 1960s and 1970s reached about 10−7). 129I differs from 36Cl in that its half-life is longer (15.7 vs. 0.301 million years), it is highly biophilic, and occurs in multiple ionic forms (commonly, I− and IO3−) which have different chemical behaviors. This makes it fairly easy for 129I to enter the biosphere as it becomes incorporated into vegetation, soil, milk, animal tissue, etc.
Excesses of stable 129Xe in meteorites have been shown to result from decay of "primordial" 129I produced newly by the supernovas which created the dust and gas from which the solar system formed. 129I was the first extinct radionuclide to be identified as present in the early solar system. Its decay is the basis of the I-Xe radiometric dating scheme, which covers the first 83 million years of solar system evolution.
Standard atomic mass: 126.90447(3) u
Table
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | |||||||
| 108I | 53 | 55 | 107.94348(39)# | 36(6) ms | (1)# | ||
| 109I | 53 | 56 | 108.93815(11) | 103(5) µs | (5/2+) | ||
| 110I | 53 | 57 | 109.93524(33)# | 650(20) ms | 1+# | ||
| 111I | 53 | 58 | 110.93028(32)# | 2.5(2) s | (5/2+)# | ||
| 112I | 53 | 59 | 111.92797(23)# | 3.42(11) s | |||
| 113I | 53 | 60 | 112.92364(6) | 6.6(2) s | 5/2+# | ||
| 114I | 53 | 61 | 113.92185(32)# | 2.1(2) s | 1+ | ||
| 114mI | 265.9(5) keV | 6.2(5) s | (7) | ||||
| 115I | 53 | 62 | 114.91805(3) | 1.3(2) min | (5/2+)# | ||
| 116I | 53 | 63 | 115.91681(10) | 2.91(15) s | 1+ | ||
| 116mI | 400(50)# keV | 3.27(16) µs | (7-) | ||||
| 117I | 53 | 64 | 116.91365(3) | 2.22(4) min | (5/2)+ | ||
| 118I | 53 | 65 | 117.913074(21) | 13.7(5) min | 2- | ||
| 118mI | 190.1(10) keV | 8.5(5) min | (7-) | ||||
| 119I | 53 | 66 | 118.91007(3) | 19.1(4) min | 5/2+ | ||
| 120I | 53 | 67 | 119.910048(19) | 81.6(2) min | 2- | ||
| 120m1I | 72.61(9) keV | 228(15) ns | (1+,2+,3+) | ||||
| 120m2I | 320(15) keV | 53(4) min | (7-) | ||||
| 121I | 53 | 68 | 120.907367(11) | 2.12(1) h | 5/2+ | ||
| 121mI | 2376.9(4) keV | 9.0(15) µs | |||||
| 122I | 53 | 69 | 121.907589(6) | 3.63(6) min | 1+ | ||
| 123I | 53 | 70 | 122.905589(4) | 13.2235(19) h | 5/2+ | ||
| 124I | 53 | 71 | 123.9062099(25) | 4.1760(3) d | 2- | ||
| 125I | 53 | 72 | 124.9046302(16) | 59.400(10) d | 5/2+ | ||
| 126I | 53 | 73 | 125.905624(4) | 12.93(5) d | 2- | ||
| 127I | 53 | 74 | 126.904473(4) | STABLE | 5/2+ | 1.0000 | |
| 128I | 53 | 75 | 127.905809(4) | 24.99(2) min | 1+ | ||
| 128m1I | 137.850(4) keV | 845(20) ns | 4- | ||||
| 128m2I | 167.367(5) keV | 175(15) ns | (6)- | ||||
| 129I | 53 | 76 | 128.904988(3) | 1.57(4)E+7 a | 7/2+ | ||
| 130I | 53 | 77 | 129.906674(3) | 12.36(1) h | 5+ | ||
| 130m1I | 39.9525(13) keV | 8.84(6) min | 2+ | ||||
| 130m2I | 69.5865(7) keV | 133(7) ns | (6)- | ||||
| 130m3I | 82.3960(19) keV | 315(15) ns | - | ||||
| 130m4I | 85.1099(10) keV | 254(4) ns | (6)- | ||||
| 131I | 53 | 78 | 130.9061246(12) | 8.02070(11) d | 7/2+ | ||
| 132I | 53 | 79 | 131.907997(6) | 2.295(13) h | 4+ | ||
| 132mI | 104(12) keV | 1.387(15) h | (8-) | ||||
| 133I | 53 | 80 | 132.907797(5) | 20.8(1) h | 7/2+ | ||
| 133m1I | 1634.174(17) keV | 9(2) s | (19/2-) | ||||
| 133m2I | 1729.160(17) keV | ~170 ns | (15/2-) | ||||
| 134I | 53 | 81 | 133.909744(9) | 52.5(2) min | (4)+ | ||
| 134mI | 316.49(22) keV | 3.52(4) min | (8)- | ||||
| 135I | 53 | 82 | 134.910048(8) | 6.57(2) h | 7/2+ | ||
| 136I | 53 | 83 | 135.91465(5) | 83.4(10) s | (1-) | ||
| 136mI | 650(120) keV | 46.9(10) s | (6-) | ||||
| 137I | 53 | 84 | 136.917871(30) | 24.13(12) s | (7/2+) | ||
| 138I | 53 | 85 | 137.92235(9) | 6.23(3) s | (2-) | ||
| 139I | 53 | 86 | 138.92610(3) | 2.282(10) s | 7/2+# | ||
| 140I | 53 | 87 | 139.93100(21)# | 860(40) ms | (3)(-#) | ||
| 141I | 53 | 88 | 140.93503(21)# | 430(20) ms | 7/2+# | ||
| 142I | 53 | 89 | 141.94018(43)# | ~200 ms | 2-# | ||
| 143I | 53 | 90 | 142.94456(43)# | 100# ms [>300 ns] | 7/2+# | ||
| 144I | 53 | 91 | 143.94999(54)# | 50# ms [>300 ns] | 1-# | ||
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.