Lubiprostone

Lubiprostone

File:Lubiprostone.svg
Clinical data
Synonyms	Amitiza RU-0211 SPI-0211
[[Regulation of therapeutic goods |Template:Engvar data]]	US FDA: Lubiprostone
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Negligible
Protein binding	94%
Metabolism	Extensive, CYP not involved
Elimination half-life	Unknown (lubiprostone) 0.9–1.4 hours (main metabolite)
Excretion	Renal (60%) and fecal (30%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 7-[(1R,3R,6R,7R)-3-(1,1-difluoropentyl)-3-hydroxy- 8-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-yl]heptanoic acid
CAS Number	136790-76-6
PubChem CID	157920
DrugBank	APRD01298
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C20H32F2O5
Molar mass	390.462 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CCCCC(C1(CCC2C(O1)CC(=O)C2CCCCCCC(=O)O)O)(F)F

Lubiprostone (rINN, marketed under the trade name Amitiza) is a medication used in the management of idiopathic chronic constipation. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for this purpose on January 31, 2006.

Indications

Lubiprostone is a gastrointestinal agent used for the treatment of idiopathic chronic constipation. It is well-tolerated in adults, including elderly patients. As of July 20, 2006, Lubiprostone had not been studied in pediatric patients.

There is current research underway to determine the efficacy of Lubiprostone in patients with constipation-predominant IBS, postoperative bowel dysfunction, and opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.

Lubiprostone was submitted on July 12, 2007 to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a New Drug Application to treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

Mode of action

Lubiprostone is a bicyclic fatty acid (prostaglandin E1 derivative) which acts by specifically activating ClC-2 chloride channels on the apical aspect of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, producing a chloride-rich fluid secretion. These secretions soften the stool, increase motility, and promote spontaneous bowel movements (SBM).

Symptoms of constipation (pain, bloating) are usually observed within one week, and SBM may occur within one day.

Pharmacokinetics

Unlike many laxative products, Lubiprostone does not show signs of tolerance, dependency, or altered serum electrolyte concentration. There was no rebound effect following withdrawal of treatment, but a gradual return to pre-treatment bowel movement frequency should be expected.

Minimal distribution of the drug occurs beyond the immediate GI tissues. Lubiprostone is rapidly metabolized by reduction/oxidation, mediated by carbonyl reductase. There is no metabolic involvement of the hepatic cytochrome P450 system. The measurable metabolite, M3, exists in very low levels in plasma and makes up less than 10% of the total administered dose.

Data indicate that metabolism occurs locally in the stomach and jejunum.

Contraindications

There are no current data on use in patients with hepatic and/or renal complications. The effects on pregnancy have not been studied.

Lubiprostone is contraindicated in patients exhibiting chronic diarrhea or GI obstruction.

References

1. Katzung, B.G. (2007). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 10th edition. McGraw-Hill.
2. "Clinical Pharmacology Online Database". Retrieved 2007-02-28.