Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms
The classic triad is hematuria (blood in the urine), flank pain and an abdominal mass. This "classic triad" is infrequently present when the patient first presents for medical attention.
Other signs may include:
- Abnormal urine color (dark, rusty, or brown) due to blood in the urine (found in 60% of cases)
- Loin or groin pain (found in 40% of cases)
- Abdominal mass (25% of cases)
- Malaise, weight loss or anorexia (30% of cases)
- Polycythemia (5% of cases)
- Anemia resulting from depression of erythropoietin (5% of cases)
- The presenting symptom may be due to metastatic disease, such as a pathologic fracture of the hip due to a metastasis to the bone
- Enlargement of one testicle known as varicocele (usually the left, due to blockage of the left gonadal vein by tumor invasion of the left renal vein -- the right gonadal vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava)
- Hirsutism - Excessive hair growth (females)
- Constipation
- Hypertension (high blood pressure) resulting from secretion of renin by the tumour (30% of cases)
- Elevated calcium levels (Hypercalcemia)
- Paraneoplastic disease
- Renal arteriovenous malformation
- Renal cysts
- Pyrexia of unknown origin
- Renal enlargement
- AA amyloidosis
- Cerebral metastases
- Cutaneous metastasis
- Lung metastases