CMV pneumonitis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

CMV pneumonitis Microchapters
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating CMV pneumonitis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
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Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
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Overview

• Except in newborns, CMV infection is only characteristically clinically relevant in immunocompromised individuals, particularly AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) patients (CD4 <50-100) and transplant patients.

  • Approximately 40% of the U.S. have been infected.
  • Transmission is through secretions, either via sexual contact, mother-infant transmission, or prolonged close personal contact.

• CMV is a member of the herpes family, and once a patient is infected, the virus persists and can become reactivated under immunocompromising circumstances. Sites of latency include monocytes and PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes).