African trypanosomiasis history and symptoms
|
African trypanosomiasis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
African trypanosomiasis history and symptoms On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of African trypanosomiasis history and symptoms |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for African trypanosomiasis history and symptoms |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History and Symptoms
A bite by the tsetse fly is often painful and can develop into a red sore, also called a chancre (SHAN-ker).Symptoms begin within 1 to 4 weeks of getting an infected tsetse fly bite and begin with fever, headaches, and joint pains. As the parasites enter through both the blood and lymph systems, lymph nodes often swell up to tremendous sizes. Winterbottom's sign, the telltale swollen lymph glands along the back of the neck may appear. If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the defenses of the infected person, and symptoms spread to include anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney diseases and disorders. The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the blood-brain barrier. The symptoms of the second phase give the disease its name; besides confusion and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of fatigue punctuated with manic periods progressing to daytime slumber and nighttime insomnia. Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to coma and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible.