Dengue fever primary prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Prevention

Vaccine development

There is no commercially available vaccine for the dengue flavivirus. However, one of the many ongoing vaccine development programs is the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative which was set up in 2003 with the aim of accelerating the development and introduction of dengue vaccine(s) that are affordable and accessible to poor children in endemic countries. Thai researchers are testing a dengue fever vaccine on 3,000-5,000 human volunteers within the next three years after having successfully conducted tests on animals and a small group of human volunteers. and a number of other vaccine candidates are entering phase I or II testing.

Mosquito control

A field technician looking for larvae in standing water containers during the 1965 Aedes aegypti eradication program in Miami, Florida. In the 1960s, a major effort was made to eradicate the principal urban vector mosquito of dengue and yellow fever viruses, A. aegypti, from southeast United States.
Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Publich Health Image Library

Primary prevention of dengue mainly resides in eliminating or reducing the mosquito vector for dengue. Public spraying for mosquitoes is the most important aspect of this vector. Application of larvicides such as Abate® to standing water is more effective in the long term control of mosquitoes. Initiatives to eradicate pools of standing water (such as in flowerpots) have proven useful in controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Promising new techniques have been recently reported from Oxford University on rendering the Aedes mosquito pest sterile.

Recently, researchers at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Brazil, have developed a world-awarded new technology to monitor and control the mosquito, using traps, chemical attractants, handheld computers and GPS georeferenced maps. The MI Dengue system can show precisely where the mosquitoes are inside the urban area, in a very short period of time.

Personal protection

Personal prevention consists of the use of mosquito nets, repellents containing NNDB or DEET, covering exposed skin, use of DEET-impregnated bednets, and avoiding endemic areas. This is also important for malaria prevention.