Viral encephalitis physical examination

Template:Encephalitis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection. It may present as focal or diffuse neurological signs. The signs may include altered mental status, change in personality, meningismus, ataxia, seizures, and cranial nerve involvement.

Physical examination

Focal

Focal neurological signs are found commonly in patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis. Common findings in encephalitis are:

• Focal seizures
• Cranial nerve palsy
• Dysphagia (Rabies)

Diffuse

• Altered sensorium
• Personality changes
• Autonomic dysfunction
• Hemiparesis
• Meningismus
• Dystonia
• Ataxia