High output failure
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview=
In high output cardiac failure, the cardiac output is increased, and the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is low. Rather than an inadequate supply of blood flow to meet normal metabolic demands as occurs in low output failure, in high output failure there is an excess requirement for oxygen and nutrients and the demand outstrips what the heart can provide.[1]
Differential Diagnosis of High Output Failure
- Anemia
- Arteriovenous fistulae, or arteriovenous malformations
- Beriberi (vitamin B1/thiamine deficiency
- Paget's disease
- Gram negative septicaemia,
- Thyrotoxicosis