Deep vein thrombosis epidemiology and demographics
Editors-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Associate Editor-In-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [1]
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Overview
Deep Vein Thrombosis is highly prevalent in the general population of USA and accounts for approximately 150,000 deaths in a year. Its prevalence is estimated to be 100 cases/100,000 persons/year in US.
Over 200,000 new cases of VTE occur annually. About two-thirds of episodes manifest as DVT and one-third as PE with or without DVT. Of these, 30 percent die within 30 days, one-fifth suffer sudden death due to PE, and about 30 percent develop recurrent VTE within 10 years. Independent predictors for recurrence include increasing age, obesity, malignant neoplasm and extremity paresis.
Prevalence by Age
DVT is much more common in the elderly population as compared to pediatrics. About 1 in 100,000 people under the age of 18 experiences deep vein thrombosis, possibly due to
- Children heartrate being higher than adult
- Relatively active lifestyle when compared with adults
- Fewer comorbidities (e.g. malignancy).
Age greater than 45 is significantly associated with increased incidence of DVT.[1]
Prevalence by Gender
Males gender is associated with a higher risk than female gender, and the risk increases with age in both genders.
In studies conducted in Worcester, Massachusetts, and Olmsted County, Minnesota, the incidence of Venous thromboembolism (VTE) was about 1 in 1,000. In both studies, VTE was more common in men; for each 10-year increase in age, the incidence doubled. By extrapolation, it's estimated that more than 250,000 patients are hospitalized annually with VTE.[2]
Prevalence by Race
Caucasians and African Americans have a significantly higher incidence than Hispanics and Asians or Pacific Islanders.[3] Observed ethnic differences in thrombosis incidence might be related to a lower prevalence of disorders like factor V Leiden or the prothrombin 20210A mutation in non-Caucasians.[4][5]
References
- ↑ Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, Heckbert SR, Rosamond WD, Enright P; et al. (2004). "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology". Am J Med. 117 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018. PMID 15210384.
- ↑ Goldhaber SZ (1998). "Pulmonary embolism". N Engl J Med. 339 (2): 93–104. doi:10.1056/NEJM199807093390207. PMID 9654541.
- ↑ White RH (2003). "The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism". Circulation. 107 (23 Suppl 1): I4–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66. PMID 12814979.
- ↑ Ridker PM, Miletich JP, Hennekens CH, Buring JE (1997). "Ethnic distribution of factor V Leiden in 4047 men and women. Implications for venous thromboembolism screening". JAMA. 277 (16): 1305–7. PMID 9109469.
- ↑ Gregg JP, Yamane AJ, Grody WW (1997). "Prevalence of the factor V-Leiden mutation in four distinct American ethnic populations". Am J Med Genet. 73 (3): 334–6. PMID 9415695.