Neurocardiogenic syncope (patient information)

Overview

Neurocardiogenic syncope, otherwise known as vasovagal syncope or reflex syncope, is fainting or involuntary loss of consciousness that is caused by a particular trigger. Syncope or fainting generally occurs due to a momentary loss of blood flow to the brain, which deprives the brain of oxygen. There is usually a rapid recovery after a fainting spell. If you have episodes of dizziness or lighteheadedness without losing consciousness, this is called pre-syncope. Injuries can occur as a risk of syncope or fainting, and syncope can signal an impending cardiac arrrest. It is important to distinguish neurogenic syncope from other causes of fainting or loss of consciousness, such as low blood sugar levels in diabetics, seizure, or heart attack. Neurogenic syncope is essentially a momentary failure of the brain and the cardiovascular system to communicate with each other, causing a fainting spell in response to a particular trigger. There may be a history in your family of fainting spells.

What are the Triggers for Neurogenic Syncope?

• Seeing blood or losing blood
• Pain
• Emotional stress or anxiety
• Prolonged standing
• Heat
• Physical exertion
• Defecation or urination

What are the Symptoms of Neurogenic Syncope?

Prior to the fainting spell, there may be prodromal symptoms consisting of:

• Nausea
• Sweating
• Lightheadedness
• Tingling or numbness in the arms and legs
• Blurry vision
• Headaches
• Palpitations or "racing heartbeat"
• Appearing pale