Xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase (XGPT) deficiency
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Ehler's Danlos syndrome - progeroid form
Overview
Xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase deficiency is a variant of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Pathophysiology
This disease is caused by mutation in the gene encoding xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyltransferase, which catalyzes the second glycosyl transfer reaction in the assembly of the dermatan sulfate chain, leading to defective synthesis of proteodermatan sulfate (PDS).
Diagnosis
Symptoms
- Wrinkling of the skin over the face
- Delayed wound healing
Physical examination
Appearance of the patient
Patients with this disease are short statured with an aged appearance.
Skin
- Loose but elastic skin
- Scanty scalp hair
Head
- Defective deciduous teeth
- Wrinkled facies
Neurologic
- Delayed mental development / mental retardation
Extremities
- Hypermobile joints
- Hypotonic muscles
X-ray
- Osteopenia of all bones
References