Ammonia (data page)

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This page provides supplementary chemical data on ammonia.

Structure and properties

Template:Chembox header | Molecular structure
Point group C3v
Bond length 101.7 pm (N–H)
Bond angle 107.8° (H–N–H)
Bond strength 435 kJ/mol (H–NH2)
Template:Chembox header | Crystal data
Crystal structure ?
Template:Chembox header | Properties
Dipole moment 1.46 D
Dielectric constant 22 ε0 at 239 K
Magnetic susceptibility diamagnetic
Acidity of NH4+ (pKa) 9.25

Thermodynamic properties

Template:Chembox header | Phase behavior
Triple point 195.4 K (–77.75 °C), 6.060 kPa
Critical point 405.5 K (132.3 °C), 11.300 MPa
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo 		+5.653 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusSo 		+28.93 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapHo 		+23.35 kJ/mol at BP of –33.4 °C
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapSo 		+97.41 J/(mol·K) at BP of –33.4 °C
Template:Chembox header | Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHosolid 		? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid 		? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp ? J/(mol K)
Template:Chembox header | Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHoliquid 		? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid 		? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp 80.80 J/(mol K)
Template:Chembox header | Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHogas 		−45.92 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas 		192.77 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp 35.06 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity ratio, γ
at 15°C 		1.310
van der Waals' constants a = 422.5 liter2 kPa / mole2
b = 0.03707 liter / mole

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data

Template:Chembox header | P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15600 30400 45600
Template:Chembox header | T in °C –109.1(s) –91.9(s) –79.2(s) –68.4 –45.4 –33.6 –18.7 4.7 25.7 50.1 78.9 98.3

Table data (above) obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The (s) notation indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid.

File:LogAmmoniaVaporPressure.png
log10 of anydrous Ammonia vapor pressure. Uses formula shown below.


Vapor pressure formula for ammonia:[1]

log10(P) = A   –   B / (T – C)

where P is pressure in kPa and T is temperature in kelvins

A = 6.67956; B = 1002.711; C = 25.215   for T = 190 K through 333 K
 
Template:Chembox header colspan="5" | Vapor over Anhydrous Ammonia[2]
Temp. Pressure ρ of liquid ρ of vapor ΔvapH
–78 °C 5.90 kPa
–75 °C 7.93 kPa 0.73094 g/cm3 7.8241×10–5 g/cm3
–70 °C 10.92 kPa 0.72527 g/cm3 1.1141×10–4 g/cm3
–65 °C 15.61 kPa 0.71953 g/cm3 1.5552×10–4 g/cm3
–60 °C 21.90 kPa 0.71378 g/cm3 2.1321×10–4 g/cm3
–55 °C 30.16 kPa 0.70791 g/cm3 2.8596×10–4 g/cm3
–50 °C 40.87 kPa 0.70200 g/cm3 3.8158×10–4 g/cm3 1417 J/g
–45 °C 54.54 kPa 0.69604 g/cm3 4.9940×10–4 g/cm3 1404 J/g
–40 °C 71.77 kPa 0.68999 g/cm3 6.4508×10–4 g/cm3 1390 J/g
–35 °C 93.19 kPa 0.68385 g/cm3 8.2318×10–4 g/cm3 1375 J/g
–30 °C 119.6 kPa 0.67764 g/cm3 1.0386×10–3 g/cm3 1361 J/g
–25 °C 151.6 kPa 0.67137 g/cm3 1.2969×10–3 g/cm3 1345 J/g
–20 °C 190.2 kPa 0.66503 g/cm3 1.6039×10–3 g/cm3 1330 J/g
–15 °C 236.3 kPa 0.65854 g/cm3 1.9659×10–3 g/cm3 1314 J/g
–10 °C 290.8 kPa 0.65198 g/cm3 2.3874×10–3 g/cm3 1297 J/g
–5 °C 354.8 kPa 0.64533 g/cm3 2.8827×10–3 g/cm3 1280 J/g
 0 °C 429.4 kPa 0.63857 g/cm3 3.4528×10–3 g/cm3 1263 J/g
 5 °C 515.7 kPa 0.63167 g/cm3 4.1086×10–3 g/cm3 1245 J/g
 10 °C 614.9 kPa 0.62469 g/cm3 4.8593×10–3 g/cm3 1226 J/g
 15 °C 728.3 kPa 0.61755 g/cm3 5.7153×10–3 g/cm3 1207 J/g
 20 °C 857.1 kPa 0.61028 g/cm3 6.6876×10–3 g/cm3 1187 J/g
 25 °C 1003 kPa 0.60285 g/cm3 7.7882×10–3 g/cm3 1167 J/g
 30 °C 1166 kPa 0.59524 g/cm3 9.0310×10–3 g/cm3 1146 J/g
 35 °C 1350 kPa 0.58816 g/cm3 1.0431×10–2 g/cm3 1124 J/g
 40 °C 1554 kPa 0.57948 g/cm3 1.2006×10–2 g/cm3 1101 J/g
 45 °C 1781 kPa 0.57130 g/cm3 1.3775×10–2 g/cm3 1083 J/g
 50 °C 2032 kPa 0.56287 g/cm3 1.5761×10–2 g/cm3 1052 J/g
 55 °C 2310 kPa 0.55420 g/cm3
 60 °C 2613 kPa 0.54523 g/cm3 2.05×10–2 g/cm3
 65 °C 2947 kPa 0.53596 g/cm3
 70 °C 3312 kPa 0.52632 g/cm3 2.65×10–2 g/cm3
 75 °C 3711 kPa 0.51626 g/cm3
 80 °C 4144 kPa 0.50571 g/cm3 3.41×10–2 g/cm3
 85 °C 4614 kPa 0.49463 g/cm3
 90 °C 5123 kPa 0.48290 g/cm3 4.39×10–2 g/cm3
 95 °C 5672 kPa 0.47041 g/cm3
100 °C 6264 kPa 0.45693 g/cm3 5.68×10–2 g/cm3
Temp. Pressure ρ of liquid ρ of vapor ΔvapH
The table above gives properties of the vapor-liquid equilibrium of anhydrous ammonia at various temperatures. The second column is vapor pressure in kPa. The third column is the density of the liquid phase. The fourth column is the density of the vapor. The fifth column is the heat of vaporization needed to convert one gram of liquid to vapor.

 
Template:Chembox header colspan="4" | Vapor over Aqueous Ammonia Solution[3]
Temp. %wt NH3 Partial Pressure
NH3 		Partial Pressure
H2O
0 °C 4.72 1.52 kPa 0.68 kPa
9.15 3.31 kPa 0.71 kPa
14.73 6.84 kPa 0.55 kPa
19.62 11.0 kPa 0.40 kPa
22.90 14.9 kPa 0.37 kPa
10 °C 4.16 2.20 kPa 1.21 kPa
8.26 4.96 kPa 1.17 kPa
12.32 8.56 kPa 1.01 kPa
15.88 12.68 kPa 0.93 kPa
20.54 19.89 kPa 0.83 kPa
21.83 22.64 kPa 0.73 kPa
19.9 °C 4.18 3.65 kPa 2.19 kPa
6.50 6.11 kPa 2.15 kPa
6.55 6.13 kPa 2.13 kPa
7.72 7.49 kPa 2.08 kPa
10.15 10.75 kPa 2.01 kPa
10.75 11.51 kPa 1.96 kPa
16.64 22.14 kPa 1.72 kPa
19.40 28.74 kPa 1.64 kPa
23.37 40.32 kPa 1.37 kPa
30.09 °C 3.93 5.49 kPa 4.15 kPa
7.43 11.51 kPa 3.89 kPa
9.75 16.00 kPa 3.80 kPa
12.77 23.33 kPa 3.55 kPa
17.76 38.69 kPa 3.31 kPa
17.84 38.81 kPa 3.24 kPa
21.47 53.94 kPa 2.95 kPa
40 °C 3.79 8.15 kPa 7.13 kPa
7.36 17.73 kPa 6.76 kPa
11.06 29.13 kPa 6.55 kPa
15.55 47.14 kPa 5.52 kPa
17.33 57.02 kPa
20.85 76.81 kPa 5.04 kPa
50 °C 3.29 10.54 kPa 11.95 kPa
5.90 20.17 kPa 11.61 kPa
8.91 32.88 kPa 11.07 kPa
11.57 45.56 kPa 10.75 kPa
14.15 60.18 kPa 10.27 kPa
14.94 64.94 kPa 10.03 kPa
60 °C 3.86 18.25 kPa 19.21 kPa
5.77 28.78 kPa
7.78 40.05 kPa 18.47 kPa
9.37 50.09 kPa 18.07 kPa
9.37 63.43 kPa 17.39 kPa
Temp. %wt NH3 Partial Pressure
NH3 		Partial Pressure
H2O

Heat capacity of liquid and vapor

File:AmmoniaGasHeatCapacity.png
Heat capacity of anhydrous ammonia gas. Uses polynomial obtained from CHERIC.[4]
File:AmmoniaLiquidHeatCapacity.png
Heat capacity of anhydrous liquid ammonia. Uses polynomial obtained from CHERIC.[4]

Spectral data

Template:Chembox header | UV-Vis
λmax None nm
Extinction coefficient, ε None
Template:Chembox header | IR
Major absorption bands 3444, 3337, 1627, 950 cm−1
Template:Chembox header | NMR
Proton NMR  
Carbon-13 NMR  None - no carbons
Other NMR data  
Template:Chembox header | MS
Masses of
main fragments 		17 (100%)
16(80%)
15(9%)

Regulatory data

Template:Chembox header | Regulatory data
EINECS number 231-635-3 (gas)
215-647-6 (soln.)
EU index number 007-001-00-5 (gas)
007-001-01-2 (soln.)
PEL-TWA (OSHA) 50 ppm (35 mg/m3)
IDLH (NIOSH) 300 ppm
Flash point 11 °C
Autoignition temperature 651 °C
Explosive limits 15–28%
RTECS number BO0875000

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions.

References

  1. ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1436
  2. ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1451 and 1468
  3. ↑ Perman, Jour. Chem. Soc. 83 1168 (1903)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Pure Components Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Unknown parameter |accessdaymonth= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Disclaimer applies.

External links

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