Exoribonuclease
An exoribonuclease is an exonuclease ribonuclease, which are enzymes that degrade RNA by removing terminal nucleotides from either the 5' end or 3' end of the RNA molecule. Enzymes that remove nucleotides from the 5' end are called 5'-3' exoribonucleases and enzymes that remove nucleotides from the 3' end are called 3'-5' exoribonucleases.
Exoribonucleases can use either water to cleave the nucleotide-nucleotide bond (which is called hydrolytic activity) or inorganic phosphate (which is called phosphorolytic activity). Hydrolytic exoribonucleases are classified under EC number 3.1 and phosphorolytic exoribonucleases under EC number 2.7.7. As the phosphorolytic enzymes use inorganic phosphate to cleave bonds they release nucleotide disphosphates), whereas the hydrolytic enzymes (which use water) release nucleotide monosphosphates).
Exoribonucleases exist in all kingdoms of life, the eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes. Exoribonucleases are involved in the degradation of many different RNA species, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA. Exoribonucleases can be single proteins (like RNase D or RNase PH) but also can be complexes of multiple proteins, like the exosome complex (in which four of the major exoribonuclease families are represented).
Major families
| Family | Example members | distribution | Catalytic activity |
|---|---|---|---|
| RNR | RNase R | Most eubacteria, all eukaryotes | 3'-5' hydrolytic |
| RNase II | |||
| Rrp44 | |||
| DEDD | RNase D | Certain eubacteria, all eukaryotes | 3'-5' hydrolytic |
| RNase T | |||
| PM/Scl-100 | |||
| Oligoribonuclease | |||
| RBN | RNase BN | Certain eubacteria | 3'-5' hydrolytic |
| PDX | PNPase | All kingdoms | 3'-5' phosphorolytic |
| PM/Scl-75 | |||
| RNase PH | |||
| RRP4 | Rrp4 | All eukaryotes, most archaea | 3'-5' hydrolytic |
| 5PX | Exoribonuclease I | All eukaryotes | 5'-3' hydrolytic |
| Exoribonuclease II |
See also
References
- Zuo Y, Deutscher MP. (2001). "Exoribonuclease superfamilies: structural analysis and phylogenetic distribution". Nucleic Acids Res. 29: 1017–26. PMID 11222749.
External links
- Exoribonucleases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)