Flaccid paralysis
| Flaccid paralysis | |
| ICD-10 | G81.0, G82.0, G82.3 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 359.9 |
Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Flaccid paralysis is a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).[1]
Causes
Polio
The term acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is often used to describe a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.
AFP is the most common sign of acute polio, and used for surveillance during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other pathogenic agents including enteroviruses, echoviruses, and adenoviruses, among others.[2]
Botulism
The Clostridium botulinum bacteria are the cause of botulism. Vegetative cells of C. botulinum may be injested. Introduction of the bacteria may also occur via endospores in a wound. When the bacteria is in vivo they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because C. botulinum produces a toxin which blocks the release of acetylcholine. When this occurs, the muscles are unable to contract.[3]
Other
Flaccid paralysis can be associated with a lower motor neuron lesion. This is in contrast to a upper motor neuron lesion, which often presents with spastic paralysis.
Included in AFP,s list are Poliomyelitis, Transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, enteroviral encephalopathy [4], traumatic neuritis etc.
An AFP Surveillance program is conducted to increase case yield of poliomyelitis. This includes collection of 2 stool samples within 14 days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus. and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunization in that area.
References
- ↑ Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005) Acute Flaccid Paralysis Public Health Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines.
- ↑ Kelly H, Brussen KA, Lawrence A, Elliot E, Pearn J, Thorley B (2006). "Polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in Australia, 1996-2004". Journal of paediatrics and child health. 42 (6): 370–6. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00875.x. PMID 16737480.
- ↑ Disease Listing, Botulism, General Information | CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
- ↑ Anis-ur-Rehman , Idris M, Elahi M, Jamshed , Arif A. Guillain Barre syndrome: the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in Hazara division. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2007 Jan-Mar;19(1):26-8.
See also
External links
- Approach to Acute Flaccid Paralysis (Diagnosis, Management etc.)
- WHO Programme for Immunization Preventable Diseases (IPD) A Collaboration between World Health Organization and Government of Nepal
- ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS infomation from the IPD
- National Polio Surveillance Project of India
- Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication -- Nepal, 1996-1999 CDC, MMWR October 22, 1999 / 48(41);941-944
- Acute Flaccid Paralysis Syndrome Associated with West Nile Virus Infection --- Mississippi and Louisiana, July--August 2002 CDC, MMWR September 20, 2002 / 51(37);825-828
- Sejvar JJ, Leis AA, Stokic DS, Ven Gerpen JA, Marfin AA, Webb R, et al. Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection. CDC,Emerg Infect Dis. July 2003
- Saeed M, Zaidi SZ, Naeem A, Masroor M, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Khan A. Epidemiology and clinical findings associated with enteroviral acute flaccid paralysis in Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 15;7:6.
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