Meningococcemia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Case rate is 1-2 per 100,000 in the US in 1980. More recently, there are approximately 2,500 cases of meningococcal infections per year in the United States.
- Since the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in 1990 for infants the majority of cases of bacterial meningitis have been in adults; historically 45-87% of cases have been in children.
- Second most common cause of community-acquired adult bacterial meningitis after pneumococcus.
- In West African countries during 1996-1997 there were 213,658 cases and 21,830 deaths due to menigococcal disease.
Age
Most cases of meningococcemia occur in children, but other age groups may be involved as well.
The following are statistics regarding college aged students:
- Rates of meningococcus in US college students as a whole 0.7 per 100,000.
- Rates of meningococcus in US persons aged 18-23 not in college 1.5 per 100,000.
- Rates of freshmen living in dormitories 4.6 per 100,000.
- Rates for college students in UK 13.2 per 100,000 versus those not in college of 5.5 per 100,000.