Achalasia natural history, complications and prognosis

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Complications

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or heartburn.
2. Achalasia patients have an increased risk of developing Barrett's esophagus or Barrett's mucosa, a premalignant condition which may lead to esophageal cancer over a period of years.
3. Aspiration pneumonia: Food and liquid, including saliva, are retained in the esophagus and may be inhaled into the lungs, especially while sleeping in a horizontal position.
   • Tearing (perforation) of the esophagus