Stress cardiomyopathy risk factors
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Unstable angina/non ST elevation myocardial infarction in Stress (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Risk Factors
Often there is a history of a recent severe emotional or physical stress.[1] Case series looking at large groups of patients report that some patients develop apical balloon syndrome after an emotional stressor, while others have a preceding clinical stressor (such as an asthma attack or sudden illness). Roughly one third of patients have no preceding stressful event [2]. The syndrome has been reported to occur after earthquakes, [3] after non-cardiac surgery, [4] and in patients with noncardiac medical emergencies. [5]
Although it had been previously reported that an identifiable stressful event occurred in most patients (90%) prior to onset of stress cardiomyopathy, only 71% of patients in Eitel et al.’s study experienced a clearly identifiable emotional or physical trigger [6]. Thus, it cannot be assumed that all stress cardiomyopathy patients experience a common trigger, and a stress cardiomyopathy diagnosis cannot be discounted if a trigger is not present.
References
- ↑ Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAzzarelli-2006 - ↑ Elesber, AA (2007). "Four-Year Recurrence Rate and Prognosis of the Apical Ballooning Syndrome". J Amer Coll Card. 50 (5): 448–52. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Yamabe H, Hanaoka J, Funakoshi T; et al. (1996). "Deep negative T waves and abnormal cardiac sympathetic image (123I-MIBG) after the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995". Am. J. Med. Sci. 311 (5): 221–4. PMID 8615397.
- ↑ Berman M, Saute M, Porat E; et al. (2007). "Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: expanding the differential diagnosis in cardiothoracic surgery". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83 (1): 295–8. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.05.115. PMID 17184686.
- ↑ Akashi YJ, Sakakibara M, Miyake F (2002). "Reversible left ventricular dysfunction "takotsubo" cardiomyopathy associated with pneumothorax". Heart. 87 (2): E1. PMID 11796564.
- ↑ Eitel I, von Knobelsdorff-Brekenhoff F, Bernhardt P, et al. Clinical characteristics and CV magnetic resonance findings in stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. JAMA 2011; 306:277-286.