Dementia causes

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Dementia Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Causes

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Chronic heart failure, Dural arteriovenous fistula,Subdural hematoma, Vascular dementia, Feigenbaum-Bergeron-Richardson syndrome
Chemical / poisoning Aluminium poisoning , Benzene , Camphor , Carbon Tetrachloride , Cocaine, Hydrogen Sulfide, Lead poisoning, Manganese poisoning, Marijuana abuse, Mercury poisoning, Methanol , Toluene , Xylene
Dermatologic Dykes-Markes-Harper syndrome
Drug Side Effect Amphetamines, Anticholinergics, Anxiolytics, Barbiturates, Bromides, Hypnotics,Sedatives, Tranquilizers, Tricyclic antidepressants
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome , Cushing's syndrome, Hashimoto's encephalitis , Schilder's Disease , Hypothyroidism, Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism
Environmental Decompression sickness
Gastroenterologic Aguecheek disease , Dykes-Markes-Harper syndrome , Liver failure, Wilson's disease
Genetic Aceruloplasminemia , Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease , Alexander Syndrome , Alpers Syndrome ,Amelo-cerebro-hypohidrotic syndrome , Batten Disease , CADASIL , Down syndrome , Familial histiocytic reticulosis, Hemochromatosis, Menke disease, Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome, Wilson's disease, Wolfram's disease ,Wright dick syndrome
Hematologic Familial histiocytic reticulosis, Macrocytosis, Pernicious anemia
Iatrogenic Aluminium (dialysis related) toxicity
Infectious Disease Acute Bokhoror , AIDS, Borreliosis, HHV-6 encephalitis, HIV, Intracranial abscess / granuloma, Kuru, Lyme disease , Neurosyphilis , Whipple's disease
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease , Akinetic-rigid syndromes, Alexander Syndrome , Alpers Syndrome ,Alzheimer disease , Amelo-cerebro-hypohidrotic syndrome , Amyloidosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Autoimmune limbic encephalitis , Batten Disease , Binswanger Disease , Bovine spongiform encephalopathy , Brain tumor,CADASIL , Cerebellar ataxias, Cerebral Atrophy , Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosus , Cerebrovascular accident,Ceroid lipofuscinosis, Childhood disintegrative disorder, Choreoacanthocytosis amyotrophic , Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Dural arteriovenous fistula, Ependymoma , Fahr's Syndrome , Feigenbaum-Bergeron-Richardson syndrome ,Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, Giant axonal neuropathy , Gliomatosis cerebri , Guam disease ,Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome , HARP syndrome, Hartnup's disease, Haw River syndrome, Heidenhain syndrome ,Huntington's disease, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial space-occupying lesion, Jensen syndrome, Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma , Lafora disease , Leukoencephalopathy , Low press hydrocephalus, Marchiafava-Bignami disease ,MELAS , Mesulam syndrome, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy , Mitochondrial encephalopathies, Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome, Multiple sclerosis, Nasu-Hakola disease, Neuroaxonal dystrophy, Neuroferritinopathy, Neurosarcoidosis, Normal pressure hydrocephalus , Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease , Prion diseases, Rasmussen encephalitis, Schilder's Disease , Spinocerebellar ataxia, Shy-Drager Syndrome, Steel-Richardson Syndrome,Spongiform encephalopathy , Stroke, Subdural hematoma, Tome-Brune-Fardeau syndrome , Tuberous sclerosis, Van Bogaert disease , Van der Knaap disease, Westphal-Leyden ataxia , Wright dick syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Aceruloplasminemia , Acute intermittent porphyrias, Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosus , Ceroid lipofuscinosis, Chronic hypocalcemia, Chronic hypoglycemia , Decreased folate , Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Lysosomal storage diseases, MELAS , Menke disease, Mucopolysaccharidosis, Niacin deficiency, Niemann-Pick Disease,Nutritional deficiency ,Pellagra, Siderosis , Tay Sachs , Thiamine deficiency, Uremic encephalopathy ,Vitamin B12 deficiency, Vitamin B6 deficiency, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic Postpartum thyroiditis
Oncologic Brain tumor, Ependymoma , Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma , Melanoma , Meningioma,Paraneoplastic syndromes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Kidney failure
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Autoimmune limbic encephalitis , Sarcoid, SLE, Tuberous sclerosis, Vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Head injury
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Alcohol Withdrawal , Alcoholism , Glue sniffing, Prion diseases, Punch-drunk syndrome, Post anoxia

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Mnemonics to remember causes

Dementia: treatable causes

DEMENTIA:

  • Drug toxicity
  • Emotional (depression, anxiety, OCD, etc.)
  • Metabolic (electrolytes, liver dz, kidney dz, COPD)
  • Eyes/ Ears (peripheral sensory restrictions)
  • Nutrition (vitamin, iron deficiencies/ NPH [Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus]
  • Tumors/ Trauma (including chronic subdural hematoma)
  • Infection (meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, syphilis)
  • Arteriosclerosis and other vascular disease

Dementia: some common causes

DEMENTIA:

  • Diabetes
  • Ethanol
  • Medication
  • Environmental (eg CO poisoning)
  • Nutritional
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Alzheimer's

Dementia: reversible dementia causes

DEMENTIA:

  • Drugs / Depression
  • Elderly
  • Multi-infarct/ Medication
  • Environmental
  • Nutritional
  • Toxins
  • Ischemia
  • Alcohol

References

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