Anorexia nervosa differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Differential Diagnosis
Other causes of weight loss or muscle wasting must be ruled out with medical testing. Examples of other conditions that can cause these symptoms include:
- Addison's disease
- Celiac disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Body image
- Bulimia nervosa
- Binge eating disorder
- Cachexia
- Calorie restriction
- Defensive vomiting
- Eating disorder
- Eating disorder not otherwise specified
- Malnutrition
- Muscle dysmorphia ('reverse' anorexia nervosa)
- Orthorexia nervosa
- Pro-ana
- Purging disorder
- Refeeding syndrome
- Wannarexia — a term for people who want to be anorexic
Complete Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Anorexia (alphabetical):
- Aciclovir
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Acute radiation syndrome
- Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)
- AIDS
- Amphetamine
- Amphotericin B
- Anorexia nervosa
- Antidepressants
- Appendicitis
- Astroviridae
- Atypical pneumonia
- Benzylpiperazine
- Binge eating
- Borderline personality disorder
- Bulimia
- Calcitriol
- Carotenodermia
- Chagas disease
- Chromotherapy
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Chronic mountain sickness
- Chronic renal failure
- Clinical depression
- Cocaine
- Colorectal cancer
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Congestive heart failure
- Craniopharyngioma
- Crohn's Disease
- Cryptosporidium parvum
- Cytauxzoonosis
- Defensive vomiting
- Dementia
- Depression
- Dextromethamphetamine
- Dextromethylphenidate
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Diacetylmorphine
- Encephalitis
- Enfuvirtide
- Fluconazole
- Gold salts
- Hangover
- Hepatitis
- Hepatitis E
- High altitude
- Hydralazine
- Hymenolepiasis
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Ketorolac
- Lábrea fever
- Leptoprin
- Marbofloxacin
- Mastoiditis
- Medical cannabis
- Methylphenidate
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Mirtazapine
- Modafinil
- Moxifloxacin
- Mumps
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Opioid dependency
- Oropouche fever
- Orthorexia nervosa
- Panic disorder
- Pipradrol
- Pneumonia
- Pott's disease
- Pyrazinamide
- Relapsing fever
- Retinoid
- Rhinovirus
- Sporotrichosis
- St John's wort
- Stimulants
- Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
- Theobromine
- Ulcerative colitis
- Valaciclovir
- Vitamin A
- Ziconotide
- Zopiclone
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Anorexia (by organ system):
Diagnostic Issues and Controversies
The distinction between the diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) is often difficult to make in practice and there is considerable overlap between patients diagnosed with these conditions. Furthermore, seemingly minor changes in a patient's overall behavior or attitude (such as reported feeling of 'control' over any bingeing behavior) can change a diagnosis from 'anorexia: binge-eating type' to bulimia nervosa. It is not unusual for a person with an eating disorder to 'move through' various diagnoses as his or her behavior and beliefs change over time.[1]
Additionally, it is important to note that an individual may still suffer from a health- or life-threatening eating disorder (e.g., subclinical anorexia nervosa or EDNOS) even if one diagnostic sign or symptom is still present. For example, a substantial number of patients diagnosed with EDNOS meet all criteria for diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, but lack the three consecutive missed menstrual cycles needed for a diagnosis of anorexia.[2]
Feminist writers such as Susie Orbach and Naomi Wolf have criticised the medicalisation of extreme dieting and weight-loss as locating the problem within the affected women, rather than in a society that imposes concepts of unreasonable and unhealthy thinness as a measure of female beauty.
References
- ↑ Gowers S, Bryant-Waugh R. (2004) Management of child and adolescent eating disorders: the current evidence base and future directions. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 45 (1), 63-83. PMID 14959803
- ↑ Lask B, and Bryant-Waugh, R (eds) (2000) Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 0-86377-804-6.