Parkinson's disease epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Incidence
Incidence is a more sensitive indicator than prevalence because prevalence rates can be affected by socio-ecomically driven differences in survival as well as biased by survey technique problems,[1] The rates are as high as 20.5 per 100,000 in the U.S.A. [2] A study carried out in northern California observed an age and sex corrected incidence.[3]
Prevalence
Parkinson's disease is widespread, with a prevalence estimated between 100 and 250 cases per 100,000 in North America; and was 1.7 per hundred (95% CI 1.5–1.9) in China (for those aged ≥65 years).[4]
Age
Cases of PD are reported at all ages, though it is uncommon in people younger than 40. The average age at which symptoms begin in the U.S.A. is 58–60; it is principally a disease of the elderly.
Gender
Men are affected more often than women in most countries.
Race
It occurs in all parts of the world, but appears to be more common in people of European ancestry than in those of African ancestry. Those of East Asian ancestry have an intermediate risk. It is more common in rural than urban areas.
References
- ↑ Bermejo F, Gabriel R, Vega S, Morales JM, Rocca WA, Anderson DW (2001). "Problems and issues with door-to-door, two-phase surveys: an illustration from central Spain". Neuroepidemiology. 20 (4): 225&ndash, 31. PMID 11684897.
- ↑ Rajput (1984). "Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease". Can J Neurol Sci. 11 (1): 156&ndash, 159. PMID 6713314.
- ↑ Van Den Eeden S, Tanner C, Bernstein A, Fross R, Leimpeter A, Bloch D, Nelson L (2003). "Incidence of Parkinson's disease: variation by age, gender, and race/ethnicity". Am J Epidemiol. 157 (11): 1015&ndash, 22. PMID 12777365.
- ↑ Zhang ZX, Roman GC, Hong Z; et al. (2005). "Parkinson's disease in China: prevalence in Beijing, Xian, and Shanghai". Lancet. 365 (9459): 595&ndash, 7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17909-4. PMID 15708103.