ADD2

For the ADD2 graphics expansion card system, see SDVO.

Adducin 2 (beta)
Identifiers
Symbols	ADD2 ; ADDB
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 1221
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Adducin 2 (beta), also known as ADD2, is a human gene. Adducins are heteromeric proteins composed of different subunits referred to as adducin alpha, beta and gamma. The three subunits are encoded by distinct genes and belong to a family of membrane skeletal proteins involved in the assembly of spectrin-actin network in erythrocytes and at sites of cell-cell contact in epithelial tissues. While adducins alpha and gamma are ubiquitously expressed, the expression of adducin beta is restricted to brain and hematopoietic tissues. Adducin, originally purified from human erythrocytes, was found to be a heterodimer of adducins alpha and beta. Polymorphisms resulting in amino acid substitutions in these two subunits have been associated with the regulation of blood pressure in an animal model of hypertension. Heterodimers consisting of alpha and gamma subunits have also been described. Structurally, each subunit is comprised of two distinct domains. The amino-terminal region is protease resistant and globular in shape, while the carboxy-terminal region is protease sensitive. The latter contains multiple phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C, the binding site for calmodulin, and is required for association with spectrin and actin. Various adducin beta mRNAs, alternatively spliced at 3'end and/or internally spliced and encoding different isoforms, have been described. The functions of all the different isoforms are not known.

Further reading

• Joshi R, Gilligan DM, Otto E; et al. (1991). "Primary structure and domain organization of human alpha and beta adducin". J. Cell Biol. 115 (3): 665–75. PMID 1840603.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gilligan DM, Lieman J, Bennett V (1996). "Assignment of the human beta-adducin gene (ADD2) to 2p13-p14 by in situ hybridization". Genomics. 28 (3): 610–2. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1205. PMID 7490111.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hughes CA, Bennett V (1995). "Adducin: a physical model with implications for function in assembly of spectrin-actin complexes". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (32): 18990–6. PMID 7642559.
• Miyazaki M, Kaibuchi K, Shirataki H; et al. (1995). "Rabphilin-3A binds to a M(r) 115,000 polypeptide in a phosphatidylserine- and Ca(2+)-dependent manner". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 28 (1): 29–36. PMID 7707875.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Miyazaki M, Shirataki H, Kohno H; et al. (1995). "Identification as beta-adducin of a protein interacting with rabphilin-3A in the presence of Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205 (1): 460–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2688. PMID 7999065.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• White RA, Angeloni SV, Pasztor LM (1996). "Chromosomal localization of the beta-adducin gene to mouse chromosome 6 and human chromosome 2". Mamm. Genome. 6 (10): 741–3. PMID 8563174.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tisminetzky S, Devescovi G, Tripodi G; et al. (1996). "Genomic organisation and chromosomal localisation of the gene encoding human beta adducin". Gene. 167 (1–2): 313–6. PMID 8566798.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Matsuoka Y, Hughes CA, Bennett V (1996). "Adducin regulation. Definition of the calmodulin-binding domain and sites of phosphorylation by protein kinases A and C.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (41): 25157–66. PMID 8810272.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gilligan DM, Lozovatsky L, Silberfein A (1997). "Organization of the human beta-adducin gene (ADD2)". Genomics. 43 (2): 141–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4802. PMID 9244430.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Matsuoka Y, Li X, Bennett V (1998). "Adducin is an in vivo substrate for protein kinase C: phosphorylation in the MARCKS-related domain inhibits activity in promoting spectrin-actin complexes and occurs in many cells, including dendritic spines of neurons". J. Cell Biol. 142 (2): 485–97. PMID 9679146.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gilligan DM, Lozovatsky L, Gwynn B; et al. (1999). "Targeted disruption of the beta adducin gene (Add2) causes red blood cell spherocytosis in mice". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (19): 10717–22. PMID 10485892.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Shima T, Okumura N, Takao T; et al. (2001). "Interaction of the SH2 domain of Fyn with a cytoskeletal protein, beta-adducin". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (45): 42233–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102699200. PMID 11526103.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Citterio L, Tizzoni L, Catalano M; et al. (2003). "Expression analysis of the human adducin gene family and evidence of ADD2 beta4 multiple splicing variants". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 309 (2): 359–67. PMID 12951058.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tikhonoff V, Kuznetsova T, Stolarz K; et al. (2004). "beta-Adducin polymorphisms, blood pressure, and sodium excretion in three European populations". Am. J. Hypertens. 16 (10): 840–6. PMID 14553963.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S; et al. (2005). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA; et al. (2005). "Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain". Mol. Cell Proteomics. 3 (11): 1093–101. doi:10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200. PMID 15345747.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Efendiev R, Krmar RT, Ogimoto G; et al. (2005). "Hypertension-linked mutation in the adducin alpha-subunit leads to higher AP2-mu2 phosphorylation and impaired Na+,K+-ATPase trafficking in response to GPCR signals and intracellular sodium". Circ. Res. 95 (11): 1100–8. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000149570.20845.89. PMID 15528469.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lanzani C, Citterio L, Jankaricova M; et al. (2005). "Role of the adducin family genes in human essential hypertension". J. Hypertens. 23 (3): 543–9. PMID 15716695.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)