GZMA

Granzyme A (granzyme 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 3)
PDB rendering based on 1op8.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1op8​, 1orf​
Identifiers
Symbols	GZMA ; CTLA3; HFSP
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 21237
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Granzyme A (granzyme 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 3), also known as GZMA, is a human gene.

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

Further reading

• Pasternack MS, Bleier KJ, McInerney TN (1991). "Granzyme A binding to target cell proteins. Granzyme A binds to and cleaves nucleolin in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (22): 14703–8. PMID 1860869.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Poe M, Bennett CD, Biddison WE; et al. (1988). "Human cytotoxic lymphocyte tryptase. Its purification from granules and the characterization of inhibitor and substrate specificity". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (26): 13215–22. PMID 3047119.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Murphy ME, Moult J, Bleackley RC; et al. (1989). "Comparative molecular model building of two serine proteinases from cytotoxic T lymphocytes". Proteins. 4 (3): 190–204. doi:10.1002/prot.340040306. PMID 3237717.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gershenfeld HK, Hershberger RJ, Shows TB, Weissman IL (1988). "Cloning and chromosomal assignment of a human cDNA encoding a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific trypsin-like serine protease". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (4): 1184–8. PMID 3257574.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hameed A, Lowrey DM, Lichtenheld M, Podack ER (1988). "Characterization of three serine esterases isolated from human IL-2 activated killer cells". J. Immunol. 141 (9): 3142–7. PMID 3262682.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Krähenbühl O, Rey C, Jenne D; et al. (1988). "Characterization of granzymes A and B isolated from granules of cloned human cytotoxic T lymphocytes". J. Immunol. 141 (10): 3471–7. PMID 3263427.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Masson D, Zamai M, Tschopp J (1986). "Identification of granzyme A isolated from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-granules as one of the proteases encoded by CTL-specific genes". FEBS Lett. 208 (1): 84–8. PMID 3533635.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Baetz K, Isaaz S, Griffiths GM (1995). "Loss of cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in Chediak-Higashi syndrome arises from a secretory defect that prevents lytic granule exocytosis". J. Immunol. 154 (11): 6122–31. PMID 7751653.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Inoue M, Hoshino T, Fukuma T; et al. (1994). "Close co-localization of CD4 and a serine esterase tryptase TL2 on the cell-surface of human monocytoid and CD4+ lymphoid cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 201 (3): 1390–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1857. PMID 7912927.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Fink TM, Lichter P, Wekerle H; et al. (1994). "The human granzyme A (HFSP, CTLA3) gene maps to 5q11-q12 and defines a new locus of the serine protease superfamily". Genomics. 18 (2): 401–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1483. PMID 8288245.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Beresford PJ, Kam CM, Powers JC, Lieberman J (1997). "Recombinant human granzyme A binds to two putative HLA-associated proteins and cleaves one of them". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (17): 9285–90. PMID 9256474.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Spaeny-Dekking EH, Hanna WL, Wolbink AM; et al. (1998). "Extracellular granzymes A and B in humans: detection of native species during CTL responses in vitro and in vivo". J. Immunol. 160 (7): 3610–6. PMID 9531325.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Zhang D, Beresford PJ, Greenberg AH, Lieberman J (2001). "Granzymes A and B directly cleave lamins and disrupt the nuclear lamina during granule-mediated cytolysis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (10): 5746–51. doi:10.1073/pnas.101329598. PMID 11331782.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Beresford PJ, Zhang D, Oh DY; et al. (2001). "Granzyme A activates an endoplasmic reticulum-associated caspase-independent nuclease to induce single-stranded DNA nicks". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (46): 43285–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108137200. PMID 11555662.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Fan Z, Beresford PJ, Zhang D, Lieberman J (2002). "HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (8): 2810–20. PMID 11909973.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Fan Z, Beresford PJ, Zhang D; et al. (2003). "Cleaving the oxidative repair protein Ape1 enhances cell death mediated by granzyme A.". Nat. Immunol. 4 (2): 145–53. doi:10.1038/ni885. PMID 12524539.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Pinkoski MJ, Green DR (2003). "Granzyme A: the road less traveled". Nat. Immunol. 4 (2): 106–8. doi:10.1038/ni0203-106. PMID 12555094.
• Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A; et al. (2003). "Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 ( CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population". J. Hum. Genet. 48 (5): 249–70. doi:10.1007/s10038-003-0021-7. PMID 12721789.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bell JK, Goetz DH, Mahrus S; et al. (2003). "The oligomeric structure of human granzyme A is a determinant of its extended substrate specificity". Nat. Struct. Biol. 10 (7): 527–34. doi:10.1038/nsb944. PMID 12819769.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)