Gliotoxin

	WikiDoc Resources for Gliotoxin
Articles
Most recent articles on Gliotoxin Most cited articles on Gliotoxin Review articles on Gliotoxin Articles on Gliotoxin in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Gliotoxin Images of Gliotoxin Photos of Gliotoxin Podcasts & MP3s on Gliotoxin Videos on Gliotoxin
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Gliotoxin Bandolier on Gliotoxin TRIP on Gliotoxin
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Gliotoxin at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Gliotoxin Clinical Trials on Gliotoxin at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Gliotoxin NICE Guidance on Gliotoxin NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Gliotoxin CDC on Gliotoxin
Books
Books on Gliotoxin
News
Gliotoxin in the news Be alerted to news on Gliotoxin News trends on Gliotoxin
Commentary
Blogs on Gliotoxin
Definitions
Definitions of Gliotoxin
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Gliotoxin Discussion groups on Gliotoxin Patient Handouts on Gliotoxin Directions to Hospitals Treating Gliotoxin Risk calculators and risk factors for Gliotoxin
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Gliotoxin Causes & Risk Factors for Gliotoxin Diagnostic studies for Gliotoxin Treatment of Gliotoxin
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Gliotoxin
International
Gliotoxin en Espanol Gliotoxin en Francais
Business
Gliotoxin in the Marketplace Patents on Gliotoxin
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Gliotoxin

Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic produced by some unrelated species of pathogenic fungi, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, and by the yeast Candida. It was originally isolated from Gliocladium fimbriatum, and was named accordingly. It is an epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabilite.

Gliotoxin possesses immunosuppressive properties as it may suppress and cause apoptosis in certain types of cells of the immune system, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and granulocytes. Causes apoptosis in macrophages and thymocytes. It also acts as an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase. It noncompetitively inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome. In vivo it displays anti-inflammatory activity.^[1] It acts by blocking thiol groups in the cell membranes.

References

Identification of an agent in cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus displaying anti-phagocytic and immunomodulating activity in vitro: A. Müllbacher, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1251 (1985)
R.J. Jones & J.G. Hancock; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2067 (1988) Gliotoxin stimulates Ca²⁺ release from intact rat liver mitochondria: M. Schweizer & C. Richter; Biochemistry 33, 13401 (1994)
Extracellular calcium is not required for gliotoxin or dexamethasone- induced DNA fragmentation: a reappraisal of the use of EGTA: P. Waring & A. Sjaarda; Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 17, 403 (1995)

Gliotoxin product page from Fermentek