Hyporeflexia

Hyporeflexia

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Evidence Based Medicine
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Clinical Trials
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Definitions
Definitions of Hyporeflexia
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List of terms related to Hyporeflexia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Hyporeflexia is the opposite of hyperreflexia: the presence of below normal or absent reflexes. It can be tested for by using a reflex hammer. Hyporeflexia is generally associated with a lower motor neuron deficit (lower motor neuron dysfunction) at the alpha motor neurons from the spinal cord to muscle; whereas, hyperreflexia is often attributed to upper motor neuron lesions (along the long motor tracts from the brain).

Diagnosis

Laboratory Findings

• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Calcium
• Glucose
• Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
• Rheumatoid factor (RF)
• HIV
• Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
• Vitamin B12 levels
• Thyroid function tests
• Heavy metal screen
• Hemoglobin A1c
• Creatinine phosphokinase (CK)
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
• Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
• Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP)

Other Diagnostic Studies

• Nerve conduction studies
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

Differential Diagnosis

In alphabetical order.

• Brachial or lumbosacral plexopathy
• Cauda equina syndrome
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome
• Isolated peripheral nerve injury/dysfunction
• Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
• Motor neuron disease
• Multifocal motor neuropathy
• Myopathy
• Obesity
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Radiculopathy
• Spinal shock

Treatment

• Treat underlying etiologies
• Plasmapheresis
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
• Physical therapy

See also

• Areflexia, the absence of reflexes, often it is caused by spinal shock.
• Hyperreflexia, exaggerated reflexes.

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