Lisdexamfetamine

Lisdexamfetamine

File:Lisdexamfetamine.png
Clinical data
Pregnancy category	C
Routes of administration	Oral
Legal status
Legal status	US: Schedule II
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Hepatic
Elimination half-life	< 1 hour (prodrug molecule)
Excretion	Renal: ~2%
Identifiers
IUPAC name (S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(S)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexanamide
CAS Number	608137-32-2
PubChem CID	11597697
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H25N3O
Molar mass	263.378 g/mol

Lisdexamfetamine (L-lysine-d-amphetamine) is a prodrug consisting of the psychostimulant d-amphetamine coupled with the essential amino acid L-lysine. Lisdexamfetamine was developed so that the psychostimulant is released and activated more slowly as the prodrug molecule is hydrolyzed—consequently cleaving off the amino acid-during the first pass through the intestines and/or the liver.

Vyvanse is the dimesylate salt of lisdexamfetamine marketed by Shire Pharmaceuticals. Vyvanse is FDA approved—in strengths up to 70 mg—for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in pediatric patients ages 6–12. Not only does Shire aspire to have Vyvanse replace Adderall XR as their flagship ADHD product, they also have their marketing target set at 50% of the ADHD pharmaceutical market share. Shire will be applying for FDA—as well as European—approval for the treatment of adolescents and adult patients with ADHD. Shire has stated prospects of applying Vyvanse for FDA approval for the treatment of depression.

A 25 mg strength Vyvanse capsule is molecularly equivalent to 10 mg Dexedrine Spansules (both the aforementioned pharmaceuticals are about 7.425 mg dextroamphetamine). 30mg is the weakest Vyvanse available (edit.) However, this molecular equivalence is not a bioequivalence ratio. While the AUC for the aforementioned pharmaceuticals is equivalent, the peak exposure of dextroamphetamine with Vyvanse is about 50% higher than that of dexedrine with Dexedrine Spansules.

In human oral abuse-liability studies, 150 mg Vyvanse produced a "likeability"—euphoric effect—that was determined to be indistinguishable from 200 mg of the Schedule IV drug diethylpropion hydrochloride or 40 mg of dextroamphetamine.

File:Vyvanse70mg.jpg

70mg Vyvanse capsules

Notes and references

http://www.vyvanse.com

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