PLA2G4A

Phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)
File:PBB Protein PLA2G4A image.jpg PDB rendering based on 1bci.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1bci​, 1cjy​, 1rlw​
Identifiers
Symbols	PLA2G4A ; MGC126350; PLA2G4; cPLA2-alpha
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 32059
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE PLA2G4A 210145 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent), also known as PLA2G4A, is a human gene.

This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles.

Further reading

• Dennis EA (1994). "Diversity of group types, regulation, and function of phospholipase A2". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (18): 13057–60. PMID 8175726.
• Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V; et al. (1998). "Mechanisms of prionSc- and HIV-1 gp120 induced neuronal cell death". Neurotoxicology. 19 (4–5): 683–8. PMID 9745929.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hirabayashi T, Murayama T, Shimizu T (2005). "Regulatory mechanism and physiological role of cytosolic phospholipase A2". Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27 (8): 1168–73. PMID 15305015.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Law MH, Cotton RG, Berger GE (2006). "The role of phospholipases A2 in schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry. 11 (6): 547–56. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001819. PMID 16585943.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Shimizu T, Ohto T, Kita Y (2006). "Cytosolic phospholipase A2: biochemical properties and physiological roles". IUBMB Life. 58 (5–6): 328–33. doi:10.1080/15216540600702289. PMID 16754327.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Sharp JD, White DL, Chiou XG; et al. (1991). "Molecular cloning and expression of human Ca(2+)-sensitive cytosolic phospholipase A2". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (23): 14850–3. PMID 1869522.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Clark JD, Lin LL, Kriz RW; et al. (1991). "A novel arachidonic acid-selective cytosolic PLA2 contains a Ca(2+)-dependent translocation domain with homology to PKC and GAP". Cell. 65 (6): 1043–51. PMID 1904318.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tay A, Simon JS, Squire J; et al. (1995). "Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene in human and rat: chromosomal localization and polymorphic markers". Genomics. 26 (1): 138–41. PMID 7782073.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wu T, Ikezono T, Angus CW, Shelhamer JH (1995). "Characterization of the promoter for the human 85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene". Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (23): 5093–8. PMID 7800505.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Miyashita A, Crystal RG, Hay JG (1995). "Identification of a 27 bp 5'-flanking region element responsible for the low level constitutive expression of the human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene". Nucleic Acids Res. 23 (2): 293–301. PMID 7862535.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Morri H, Ozaki M, Watanabe Y (1995). "5'-flanking region surrounding a human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205 (1): 6–11. PMID 7999086.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Sharp JD, Pickard RT, Chiou XG; et al. (1994). "Serine 228 is essential for catalytic activities of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (37): 23250–4. PMID 8083230.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lin LL, Wartmann M, Lin AY; et al. (1993). "cPLA2 is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase". Cell. 72 (2): 269–78. PMID 8381049.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Flati V, Haque SJ, Williams BR (1996). "Interferon-alpha-induced phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 is required for the formation of interferon-stimulated gene factor three". EMBO J. 15 (7): 1566–71. PMID 8612580.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• de Carvalho MG, McCormack AL, Olson E; et al. (1996). "Identification of phosphorylation sites of human 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 expressed in insect cells and present in human monocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (12): 6987–97. PMID 8636128.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Freed KA, Moses EK, Brennecke SP, Rice GE (1997). "Differential expression of type II, IV and cytosolic PLA2 messenger RNA in human intrauterine tissues at term". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 3 (6): 493–9. PMID 9239738.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mavoungou E, Georges-Courbot MC, Poaty-Mavoungou V; et al. (1997). "HIV and SIV envelope glycoproteins induce phospholipase A2 activation in human and macaque lymphocytes". J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 16 (1): 1–9. PMID 9377118.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Perisic O, Fong S, Lynch DE; et al. (1998). "Crystal structure of a calcium-phospholipid binding domain from cytosolic phospholipase A2". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (3): 1596–604. PMID 9430701.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Börsch-Haubold AG, Bartoli F, Asselin J; et al. (1998). "Identification of the phosphorylation sites of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in agonist-stimulated human platelets and HeLa cells". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (8): 4449–58. PMID 9468497.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)