Nutcracker esophagus pathophysiology
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Nutcracker esophagus Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Nutcracker esophagus pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nutcracker esophagus pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Nutcracker esophagus pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Pathology specimens of the esophagus in patients with nutcracker esophagus show no significant abnormality, unlike patients with achalasia where destruction of the myenteric plexus is seen. This has led to the thought the the pathophysiology of nutcracker esophagus may be related to abnormalities in neurotransmitters or other mediators in the distal esophagus. Abnormalities in nitric oxide levels, which have been seen in achalasia are postulated as the primary abnormality.[1][2] As GERD is associated with nutcracker esophagus, it has also been hypothesized that the alterations in nitric oxide and other released chemicals may be response to reflux.[3]