Ketoacidosis
|
WikiDoc Resources for Ketoacidosis |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Ketoacidosis Most cited articles on Ketoacidosis |
|
Media |
|
Powerpoint slides on Ketoacidosis |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Ketoacidosis at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Ketoacidosis at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Ketoacidosis
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Ketoacidosis Discussion groups on Ketoacidosis Patient Handouts on Ketoacidosis Directions to Hospitals Treating Ketoacidosis Risk calculators and risk factors for Ketoacidosis
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Ketoacidosis |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: ketoacidemia;
Overview
Ketoacidosis is a type of metabolic acidosis which is caused by high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the deamination of amino acids, and the breakdown of fatty acids.
Pathophysiology
Ketoacidosis occurs when cells do not have sufficient glucose to meet their metabolic demands. Instead, ketone bodies are produced for energy via the metabolism of fatty acids. Acidity results from the dissociation of the H+ ion at physiological pH of metabolic ketone bodies such as acetoacetate, and β-hydroxybutyrate.
Causes
Starvation and Fasting
It can also occur with people undergoing hunger strikes, fasting over 3 days, or people starving to death as the body is forced to break down fat for sustenance due to their lack of outside nutrition.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
In diabetic patients, ketoacidosis is usually accompanied by insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and dehydration. Since insulin is required to absorb glucose from the blood, its deficiency results in an energy crisis, fatty acid metabolism, and production of ketone bodies. Hyperglycemia results in glucose overloading the nephron and spilling into the urine. Dehydration results following the osmotic movement of water into urine, exacerbating the acidosis.
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis
In alcoholic ketoacidosis, alcohol causes dehydration and blocks the first step of gluconeogenesis. The body is unable to synthesize enough glucose to meet its needs, thus creating an energy crisis resulting in fatty acid metabolism, and ketone body formation.
Differentiating Ketoacidosis from other Disorders
Ketoacidosis should not be confused with ketosis, which is one of the body's normal processes for the metabolism of body fat. In ketoacidosis, the accumulation of keto acids is so severe that the pH of the blood is substantially decreased.