Pulmonary contusion causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Pulmonary contusion, which occurs in 25–35% of all blunt chest trauma,[1] is usually caused by the rapid deceleration that results when the moving chest strikes a fixed object.[2] About 70% of cases result from motor vehicle collisions,[3] most often when the chest strikes the inside of the car.[4] Falls,[3] assaults,[5] and sports injuries are other causes.[6] Pulmonary contusion can also be caused by explosions; the organs most vulnerable to blast injuries are those that contain gas, such as the lungs.[7] Blast lung is severe pulmonary contusion, bleeding, or edemawith damage to alveoli and blood vessels, or a combination of these.[8] This is the primary cause of death among people who initially survive an explosion.[9]
In addition to blunt trauma, penetrating trauma can cause pulmonary contusion.[10] Contusion resulting from penetration by a rapidly moving projectile usually surrounds the path along which the projectile traveled through the tissue.[11] The pressure wave forces tissue out of the way, creating a temporary cavity; the tissue quickly moves back into place, but it is damaged. Pulmonary contusions that accompany gun and knife wounds are not usually severe enough to have a major effect on outcome;[12] penetrating trauma causes less widespread lung damage than does blunt trauma.[3] An exception is shotgun wounds, which can seriously damage large areas of lung tissue through a blast injury mechanism.[12]
References
- ↑
Moloney JT, Fowler SJ, Chang W (2008). "Anesthetic management of thoracic trauma". Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 21 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1097/ACO.0b013e3282f2aadc. PMID 18195608. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ullman EA, Donley LP, Brady WJ (2003). "Pulmonary trauma emergency department evaluation and management". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 21 (2): 291–313. doi:10.1016/S0733-8627(03)00016-6. PMID 12793615.
- ↑
- ↑ Haley K, Schenkel K (2003). "Thoracic trauma". In Thomas DO, Bernardo LM, Herman B. Core curriculum for pediatric emergency nursing. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 446. ISBN 0-7637-0176-9.
- ↑ France R (2003). "The chest and abdomen". Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training. Thomson Delmar Learning. p. 506–507. ISBN 140181199X.
- ↑
- ↑ Sasser SM, Sattin RW, Hunt RC, Krohmer J (2006). "Blast lung injury". Prehospital Emergency Care. 10 (2): 165–72. doi:10.1080/10903120500540912. PMID 16531371.
- ↑ Born CT (2005). "Blast trauma: The fourth weapon of mass destruction" (PDF). Scandanavian Journal of Surgery. 94 (4): 279–285. PMID 16425623.
- ↑ Lucid WA, Taylor TB (2002). "Thoracic trauma". In Strange GR. Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division. pp. 92–100. ISBN 0-07-136979-1.
- ↑ Sattler S, Maier RV (2002). "Pulmonary contusion". In Karmy-Jones R, Nathens A, Stern EJ. Thoracic Trauma and Critical Care. Berlin: Springer. pp. 159–160 and 235–243. ISBN 1-4020-7215-5.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1