Polydipsia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Polydipsia is almost always associated with dehydration due to polyuria (excessive urination), if the condition is prolonged beyond a few hours in those with functioning kidneys.
It is often, and characteristically, found in diabetics, often as one of the initial symptoms, and in those who fail to take their anti-diabetic medications or whose dosages have become inadequate. It is also caused by other conditions featuring osmotic diuresis and by diabetes insipidus ("water diabetes"), and forms part of the differential diagnostic tree for them, as well. Polydipsia is also a symptom of atropine or belladonna poisoning. Another cause can be due to medication (such as diuretics) or inadvertent consumption of caffeine. One who drinks nothing but coffee or soda can be easily misdiagnosed by a medical professional as psychogenic polydipsia, as they may be unaware they are consuming diuretics.
Complete differential diagnosis of causes of polydipsia
(In alphabetical order)
- Beer potomania
- Cushing syndrome
- Diabetes insipidus
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Amyloidosis of the kidneys
- Amikacin
- Amphotericin B
- Bardet-Biedl syndrome
- Bartter syndrome
- Cystinosis
- Demeclocycline
- Diabetes insipidus, congenital nephrogenic
- [Fanconi syndrome]]
- Gentamicin
- Hypercalcaemia
- Hypokalaemia
- Interstitial nephritis
- Kanamycin
- Lithium
- Loken Senior syndrome
- Medullary cystic renal disease
- Multiple myeloma
- Netilmicin
- Polycystic kidney disease, adult (autosomal dominant)
- Proximal renal tubular acidosis
- Pyelonephritis, acute
- Renal failure, acute
- Renal failure, chronic
- Sicca syndrome
- Sickle cell disease
- Urinary tract infection
- Central diabetes insipidus
- Arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms
- Cranial surgery
- Craniopharyngioma
- Cysts
- Cysticercosis, cerebral
- DIDMOAD syndrome
- Erdheim-Chester disease
- Gestational diabetes insipidus
- Head injury
- Histiocytosis X
- Hydrocephalus, obstructive
- Hypoxic encephalopathy
- Intracranial space-occupying lesion
- Leukemia, acute
- Meningioma
- Meningoencephalitis
- Meningitis
- Metastatic brain disease
- pineal tumors
- Pituitary tumor
- Post encephalitis status
- Radiation therapy
- Sarcoidosis
- Sheehan syndrome
- Sickle cell disease
- Skull fracture
- Syphilis
- Tuberculosis
- Tuberculoma of the hypothalamus
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young
- Medications especially diuretics. see also nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- Bendrofluazide
- Bumetanide
- Conivaptan
- Furosemide
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Lithium
- Vasopressin
- atropine
- belladonna poisoning
- caffeine
- Nephronophthisis
- Osmotic diuresis
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Sicca Syndrome
- Water intoxication
Complete differential diagnosis of the causes of polydipsia
(By organ system)
| Cardiovascular | Arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms (vascular) |
| Chemical / poisoning | belladonna poisoning, |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Bendrofluazide, Bumetanide, Conivaptan, Frusemide,Hydrochlorothiazide, Lithium, Vasopressin, atropine, belladonna poisoning, caffeine, Amikacin, Amphotericin B,Demeclocycline, Gentamicin |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Cushing syndrome, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Hyperglycemia
Diabetes insipidus, Water intoxication, Hyperthyroidism, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, Diabetes mellitus, Antidiuretic Hormone |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | Polycystic kidney disease(autosomal dominant), Congenital nephrogenicDiabetes insipidus, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Sickle cell disease, DIDMOAD syndrome, Fanconi syndrome |
| Hematologic | Sickle cell disease |
| Iatrogenic | Radiation therapy |
| Infectious Disease | meningoencephalitis, Syphilis, Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Cysticercosis (cerebral), Post encephalitis status, Tuberculoma of the hypothalamus |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Craniopharyngioma, Pineal tumors, Hypoxic encephalopathy, Pituitary tumour, Metastatic brain disease, Meningioma, Hydrocephalus (obstructive), |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Gestational diabetes insipidus, Sheehan syndrome |
| Oncologic | pineal tumors, Craniopharyngioma, Histiocytosis X,Pituitary tumour, Leukemia(acute), Metastatic brain disease, Meningioma |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | Beer potomania, Water intoxication |
| Psychiatric | Psychogenic polydipsia, Beer potomania |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | Bardet-Biedl syndrome,Bartter syndrome,Cystinosis, Congenital nephrogenicDiabetes insipidus, Hypercalcaemia, Hypokalaemia, Interstitial nephritis, Loken Senior syndrome, Medullary cystic renal disease, Polycystic kidney disease(autosomal dominant), Proximal renal tubular acidosis,Pyelonephritis,Renal failure, Urinary tract infection |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Sarcoidosis, Amyloidosis |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Head trauma, Skull fracture |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Sarcoidosis, Histiocytosis X |