Dilated cardiomyopathy causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in-Chief: Sachin Shah, M.D.
Overview
There are many causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. The most common cause is idiopathic in 50% of cases. The next most common cause is myocarditis in 10% of cases.
Common Causes
There are many causes and there are varying degrees of severity of the disease. Some forms are reversible and some are irreversible; some patients may be completely asymptomatic and some may require cardiac transplantation.
There are many causes of dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Idiopathic-most common and it accounts for roughly 50% of cases.[1]
- Myocarditis-next most common and it accounts for roughly 10% of cases.
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Infiltrative disease
- Hypertensive heart disease
- Substance abuse (i.e. alcohol abuse or cocaine abuse)
- Connective tissue disease
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy
- Drugs (such as the chemotherapeutic agent doxarubacin)
- HIV infection
- Antiretroviral drugs
- Toxins (such as cobalt, lead or beryllium)
- Nutritional deficiencies (such as thiamine or selenium).
The high percentage of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy may be related to the difficulty in diagnosing viral myocarditis.
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Alström syndrome
- Antiretroviral drugs
- Barth syndrome
- Becker muscular dystrophy
- Carvajal-Huerta syndrome
- Certolizumab pegol
- Chagas disease
- Connective tissue disease
- Cushing syndrome
- Desmin-related myopathy
- Disopyramide
- Drugs (such as the chemotherapeutic agent doxarubacin)
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Dystrophia myotonica type 2
- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked
- Endocardial fibroelastosis
- Epirubicin
- Ethanol
- Fabry's disease
- Glycogenosis type 2b
- HIV infection
- Hypertensive heart disease
- Imatinib mesylate
- Infiltrative disease
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
- Laing distal myopathy
- McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome
- McLeod phenotype
- Monosomy 1p36 syndrome
- Myocarditis-second most common and it accounts for roughly 10% of cases.
- Naxos disease
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy
- Peripartum heart failure
- Salih myopathy
- Selenium deficiency
- Substance abuse (i.e. alcohol abuse or cocaine abuse)
- Toxins (such as cobalt, lead or beryllium)
- Trastuzumab
- X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy
References
- ↑ Felker GM, Thompson RE, et al. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000 Apr 13;342(14):1077-84.